超大直径跨海盾构隧道地震动力响应和损伤特征研究

Study on seismic dynamic response and damage characteristics of ultra-large diameter cross-sea shield tunnel

摘要

为深入揭示超大直径海底盾构隧道混凝土衬砌在地震作用下的损伤机理及裂缝发展规律。本文针对海底盾构隧道的防震减灾问题，结合既有全环原型试验方法，提出了一种适用于软弱围岩条件的海底隧道混凝土衬砌震损分析的数值模拟方法。综合考虑了混凝土衬砌的非线性损伤特性与接缝开裂行为，并以汕头海湾隧道为工程背景，建立了多组精细化有限元模型，包括全环衬砌模型与局部接缝模型，系统分析了不同地震荷载输入方式、螺栓预紧力和极限正负弯矩作用下混凝土衬砌的裂损模式与裂纹扩展规律。模拟结果表明，在0.2 g地震作用下，全环模型的损伤主要集中于拱顶、拱底、拱腰内侧及拱腰上下侧外缘等部位；不同地震荷载输入方式对衬砌轴力变化影响较小，但弯矩变化幅度显著；在接缝模型中，螺栓预紧力大小对开裂模式具有重要影响，在一定范围内，增加螺栓预紧力能够有效抑制裂缝萌生与扩展；裂缝尺寸对开裂深度具有显著影响。研究结果揭示了超大直径海底盾构隧道的地震致损机理，可为类似工程的防震减灾设计、结构优化与耐久性评估提供了参考。

Abstract

To investigate the damage mechanisms and crack development of concrete linings in large-diameter subsea shield tunnels under seismic loading, this study addresses the seismic resilience and disaster mitigation challenges faced by such tunnels. A numerical simulation method is proposed for seismic damage analysis of concrete linings in subsea tunnels under weak surrounding rock conditions. The method incorporates the nonlinear damage characteristics of concrete linings and joint cracking. Based on the Shantou Bay tunnel, multiple refined finite element models were established, including both full-ring lining models and local joint models. A systematic parametric study was conducted to explore the crack patterns and propagation of concrete linings under different seismic load input modes, bolt pretension forces, and extreme positive and negative bending moments. The numerical results reveal that, under a 0.2 g seismic load, the damage in the full-ring model mainly concentrates at the crown, bottom, inner haunch, and outer haunch edges. Variations in seismic load input modes exert minimal influence on axial force changes but have a significant effect on bending moment variations. In the joint models, bolt pretension force dominates a crucial role in crack initiation patterns; within a certain range, increasing the pretension force effectively suppresses crack initiation and propagation. Moreover, crack width has a notable impact on crack depth. These findings elucidate the seismic damage mechanisms of large-diameter subsea shield tunnels and provide valuable references for seismic design, structural optimization, and durability assessment of similar engineering projects.

关键词

盾构隧道 / 跨海隧道 / 有限元法 / 地震响应 / 损伤特征

Key words

shield tunnel / cross-sea tunnel / finite element method / seismic response / damage characteristic

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基金资助

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024B1515040017)

国家自然科学基金项目(52178385)

国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目(52020105002)