地下水位上升对黏土中隧道结构抗震性能影响规律研究

Seismic performance of tunnels in clay influenced by the rise of groundwater

摘要

随着城市地下水位的上升，在水土压力作用下，黏土中隧道结构的内力增大，进而影响隧道结构的抗震性能。本文采用改进的黏土边界面本构模型，合理描述土体在地震荷载作用下的循环弱化与变形累积效应。在此基础上，采用时域整体三维有限元模拟方法，首先探讨地下水位上升对隧道结构变形和内力的影响规律。选取会造成地下结构严重损伤的地震记录，分析了不同地下水位时隧道结构的地震反应，从地震导致的围岩土体变形、隧道变形与内力的角度，阐明了地下水位上升对隧道结构抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明，随着地下水位的上升，隧道结构的变形和内力均呈现先减小后增大的趋势，且当地下水位没过隧道结构后，地下水位的上升对隧道结构地震反应的影响更为显著。研究结果可用于指导地下水位变动区隧道结构的抗震设计。

Abstract

With the rise of the groundwater in urban areas, the internal forces of the tunnels in clay increase under the action of soil and water pressures, which in turn affects the seismic performance of the tunnels. Therefore, the improved single bounding surface constitutive model for saturated clay was applied to reasonably describe the earthquake-induced cyclic weakening and deformation accumulation of the clay. Afterwards, 3D numerical model of the tunnel and surrounding clay was established, and then the influence of the groundwater rising on the deformation and internal forces of the tunnel was discussed. And the seismic responses of the tunnel at different groundwater levels were analyzed by using the ground motions that can cause serious damage to underground structures. The influence of the groundwater level rising on the seismic performance of the tunnel was analyzed from the perspectives of the earthquake-induced deformation of the surrounding soil, the deformation and internal forces of the tunnel. The numerical results show that with the rise of the groundwater, the deformation and internal forces of the tunnel first decrease and then increase. Moreover, after the groundwater submerges the tunnel, the influence of the groundwater rising on the seismic response of the tunnel structure becomes more significant. The research results can be used to guide the seismic design of tunnels in areas with fluctuating groundwater.

关键词

饱和黏土 / 隧道结构 / 地下水位 / 椭圆形变形 / 结构内力

Key words

saturated clay / tunnel structure / groundwater level / elliptical deformation / structural internal force

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52278323)

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2025D08)