基于多维综合评价的小兴安岭国家公园优先规划区识别

Priority planning area identification of Xiaoxing’anling National Park based on multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation

摘要

【目的】针对国家公园空间规划中评价体系不系统、生态重要性与管理可行性量化难等问题，以小兴安岭国家公园候选区为例，构建多维综合评价框架并识别其优先规划区域，旨在推动国家公园空间规划系统化，为我国国家公园体制建设工作提供参考。【方法】通过构建“国家代表性−生态重要性−管理可行性”三维评价体系，综合 GIS、MaxEnt、Fragstats、CASA 及 InVEST 模型开展多层级指标评价与空间分析，采用 AHP−熵权法组合赋权，识别小兴安岭研究区代表物种适生区范围较广、景观代表性较强、生态完整性和原真性较高，且管理可行性较大的国家公园优先规划区域。【结果】（1）准则层权重排序为国家代表性（0.434） > 生态重要性（0.316） > 管理可行性（0.250）。（2）国家代表性维度：研究区代表物种适生区主要集中于中南部，并与高等级景观分布吻合。（3）生态重要性维度：生态格局−过程−服务总体呈现中部高、外围低的分异格局，并与原真性评价结果一致性较高。（4）管理可行性维度：研究区人口密度较低且中部与东南片区保护地聚集度高，具备较好的管理建设基础与公众服务条件。（5）综合评价表明，小兴安岭国家公园候选区最优规划区约占研究区总面积的 14.05%，较优规划区占比约为 10.88%，优先规划区主要集中于伊春市及黑河市逊克县南部。【结论】国家代表性在小兴安岭国家公园优先规划区识别中占主导地位，且优先规划区呈现显著空间集聚特征。研究构建的多维综合评价框架为小兴安岭国家公园候选区的科学识别与空间优化提供了量化依据与技术支撑，并对其他国家公园候选区的规划与管理具有一定的借鉴意义。

Abstract

[Objective] Addressing the issues of an unsystematic evaluation system and the challenges in quantifying ecological significance and management feasibility within National Park spatial planning, this study takes the candidate region of the Xiaoxing’anling National Park as a case study to construct a multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework and identify priority planning areas. The objective is to advance the systematization of National Park spatial planning and offer insights for the establishment of China’s national park system. [Method] By constructing a three-dimensional evaluation system encompassing national representativeness, ecological importance, and management feasibility, this study integrated GIS, MaxEnt, Fragstats, CASA, and InVEST models to conduct multi-level indicator evaluation and spatial analysis. The combined weighting method of AHP and entropy weight was adopted to determine indicator weights. As a result, priority planning areas were identified in the Xiaoxing’anling study area, which featured extensive suitable habitats for representative species, prominent landscape representativeness, high ecological integrity and authenticity, as well as considerable management feasibility. [Result] (1) The weights of the criterion layer ranked as follows: national representativeness (0.434) > ecological importance (0.316) > management feasibility (0.250). (2) In terms of national representativeness, suitable habitats for representative species in the study area were mainly concentrated in the south-central part, coinciding with the distribution of high-level landscapes. (3) In terms of ecological importance, the ecological pattern–process–services generally exhibited a spatial differentiation pattern of high values in the central region and low values in the peripheral areas, which was largely consistent with the authenticity assessment results. (4) In terms of management feasibility, the study area featured low population density, and high concentration of protected areas in the central and southeastern parts, indicating favorable conditions for management and public service infrastructure. (5) The comprehensive evaluation indicated that the optimal planning areas within the candidate region of the Xiaoxing’anling National Park accounted for approximately 14.05% of the total study area, and the suboptimal planning areas accounted for approximately 10.88%. The priority planning areas were mainly distributed in Yichun City and the southern part of Xunke County, Heihe City. [Conclusion] National representativeness played a dominant role in the identification of priority planning areas in the Xiaoxing’anling National Park, and the priority planning areas exhibited a significant spatial clustering pattern. The multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework constructed in this study provides a quantitative basis and technical support for the scientific identification and spatial optimization of the candidate region of the Xiaoxing’anling National Park, and offers valuable reference for the planning and management of other national park candidate regions.

关键词

国家公园 / 优先规划区识别 / 物种适生区模拟 / 小兴安岭 / 多维综合评价框架

Key words

national park / priority planning area identification / habitat suitability modelling / Xiaoxing’anling / multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework

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基金资助

福建省级财政林业科技推广项目(2026FKJ22)

福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT251039)