绿肥覆盖对柑橘园土壤水热动态特征的影响

Effects of grass manure cover on soil hydrothermal dynamic in citrus orchard

摘要

【目的】探究柑橘园绿肥覆盖对土壤水热动态特征及降雨响应的调控效应，以期为柑橘园绿肥选择与雨养节水管理提供科学依据。【方法】以广西农业科学院武鸣里建基地柑橘园为试验区，设置 4 种绿肥覆盖处理：光叶苕子（T1）、肥田萝卜（T2）、平托花生（T3）、光叶苕子 + 肥田萝卜 + 宽叶雀稗混播（T4），以清耕（CK）为对照。于 2025 年 2-6 月连续监测 0 ~ 20 cm 与 20 ~ 40 cm 土层的土壤水分与温度变化，结合典型降雨事件及柑橘产量、果实品质指标，分析了不同绿肥覆盖处理对土壤水热动态、降雨响应特征及柑橘生长的影响。【结果】（1）绿肥覆盖能够显著改变土层水分动态。T3 处理中，0 ~ 20 cm 土层含水量短期含水量骤增，呈现“锯齿状波动”，范围为 2.66% ~ 43.61%，表层保水最强；T2 处理中，20 ~ 40 cm 土层的含水量维持在 5.12% ~ 33.53%，表现为“上干下湿”的深层补水优势。（2）相较于 CK，绿肥覆盖在缓冲土层温度波动方面作用显著，其中 T4 处理在浅层土壤早春保温、深层土壤夏季增温方面效果最佳。（3）绿肥覆盖显著改善了降雨事件下柑橘园土壤水分状况。小雨和中雨条件下分别发挥保湿缓蒸作用和延缓退水作用，暴雨条件下则促进降雨入渗和深层蓄水。其中，暴雨条件下 T2 和 T3 处理在 20 ~ 40 cm 土层表现出更高的土壤含水量，深层保水能力较强。（4）绿肥覆盖能够显著提升柑橘树单株产量并能在一定程度上改善柑橘品质，其中 T3 处理的平均单株产量最高，T4 和 T2 处理在提升部分果实品质指标方面表现更优。【结论】绿肥覆盖可显著优化柑橘园根区土壤水热环境，增强降雨调蓄能力，延缓水分消退速率。平托花生覆盖处理在增加柑橘产量方面效果最为显著，而肥田萝卜和混播处理可促进提升柑橘果实品质。合理选择绿肥覆盖，可同时兼顾土壤水分保持和柑橘产量提升。研究结果将为南方丘陵柑橘园绿肥科学配置、水资源利用提供实践参考。

Abstract

[Objective] To investigate the regulation effects of green manure cover on soil water and heat dynamic characteristics and rainfall response in citrus orchards, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for green manure selection and rainfed water-saving management. [Method] Using a citrus orchard at the Lijian Experimental Base of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Wuming, Guangxi, as the study site, four green manure cover treatments were established: Vicia villosa (T1), Raphanus sativus (T2), Arachis pintoi (T3) and mixed sowing (T4). Soil moisture and temperature in the 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm layers were continuously monitored from February to June 2025. Clean tillage (CK) was used as the control. By integrating data on typical rainfall events with citrus yield and fruit quality indicators, this study analyzed the effects of different green manure cover treatments on soil water and heat dynamics, rainfall response characteristics, and citrus growth. [Result] (1) Grass manure cover significantly altered the soil moisture dynamics. Under the T3 treatment, soil moisture in the 0−20 cm layer exhibited a “sawtooth-like” fluctuation, ranging from 2.66%−43.61%, indicating the strongest water retention in the surface layer. Under the T2 treatment, soil moisture in 20−40 cm layer was maintained within 5.12%−33.53%, showing a clear advantage in deep-layer water replenishment, characterized by a “dry upper layer and moist lower layer” pattern. (2) Compared with the clean tillage treatment, green manure cover played a significant role in buffering soil temperature fluctuations. Among the treatments, T4 showed the best performance in maintaining higher temperatures in early spring and warming the lower soil layer during summer. (3) Green manure mulch significantly improved soil moisture conditions in citrus orchards during rainfall events. Under light and moderate rainfall conditions, it primarily helped retain moisture and slow evaporation, while under heavy rainfall conditions, it promoted rainfall infiltration and deep-layer water storage. Specifically, the T3 and T2 treatments exhibited higher soil moisture content in the 20−40 cm soil layer, demonstrating stronger deep-layer water retention capacity. (4) Green manure coverage significantly increased single-tree citrus yield and improved certain fruit quality traits, with the T3 treatment achieving the highest average yield. [Conclusion] Green manure cover can significantly improve the soil hydrothermal environment in the root zone of citrus orchards, enhances rainfall regulation and storage capacity, and slow the rate of soil moisture depletion. Citrus yield and fruit quality varied among different green manure coverage treatments. Arachis pintoi was the most effective for yield improvement, Raphanus sativus and mixed coverage performed better in enhancing fruit quality. Proper selection of green manure coverage can simultaneously optimize soil moisture retention and citrus production. These findings provide practical guidance for the scientific selection of green manure and efficient water resource management in citrus orchards in the hilly regions of southern China.

关键词

柑橘园 / 绿肥处理 / 生草覆盖 / 降雨入渗 / 水热动态 / 土壤水文

Key words

citrus orchards / green manure management / grass manure cover / rainfall infiltration / water-heat dynamic / soil hydrology

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基金资助

国家绿肥产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-22)

国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFD1902801)

科技先锋队“强农富民”“6 个一”专项行动(桂农科盟 202413)