沙柳网格立式沙障铺设装置插枝机构设计与性能试验

Design and performance experiment of the branch insertion mechanism for a vertical Salix psammophila grid sand barrier laying device

摘要

【目的】针对传统沙柳网格沙障人工铺设劳动强度高、作业效率低以及扦插姿态杂乱等问题，设计一种自动化铺设装置，提出折线形沙柳布设模式，重点对核心插枝机构开展结构设计与性能优化，以期降低枝条扦插偏斜程度，并控制扦插倾角，为沙地沙障铺设装备研制提供设计参考。【方法】采用柔性压辊挤压方式实现不同直径沙柳枝条扦插；建立插枝过程的力学模型，分析压辊和沙柳受力特性，明确枝条产生扦插倾角原因，研究铺设速度与压辊转速比值（ r）对扦插倾角的影响规律，确定最优参数区间。【结果】（1）铺设装置前行与枝条竖直扦插构成复合运动，沙土对枝条底端的水平阻滞作用是扦插倾角形成的主要诱因，扦插深度超过 60 mm 后，沙土阻力持续增大，大幅削弱枝条底端水平速度，致使枝条上下端产生水平位移差，扦插倾角进一步增大。（2）扦插倾角随铺设速度与压辊转速比值（ r）单调递增，比值越大，枝条扦插倾角越大；提高压辊转速、降低铺设速度均可减小扦插倾角。（3）在最优参数区间（压辊转速 100 ~ 200 r/min、铺设速度 600 ~ 1 500 mm/s）内， r 约等于 7 时，扦插倾角可稳定控制在 10°以内；超出该区间后扦插倾角快速增加，不满足沙障铺设工艺标准。（4）在最优参数工况下，铺设装置适配直径 9 ~ 12 mm 沙柳枝条，扦插姿态规整，插枝成功率达到 88.3%，整机表现出较好的作业稳定性。【结论】本研究设计的沙柳网格沙障铺设装置适用于平地及缓坡的作业环境，插枝机构设计合理，工作参数优化结果可为同类机构设计提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] To address the issues of high labor intensity, low operational efficiency and irregular insertion posture associated with manual laying of traditional Salix grid sand barriers, this study designed an automatic laying device and proposed a zigzag layout pattern for Salix sand barriers. Particular attention was devoted to the structural design and performance optimization of the core branch insertion mechanism, so as to mitigate branch deflection and excessive insertion inclination, thereby providing design references for the development of sand barrier laying equipment in sandy regions. [Method] A flexible pressure roller extrusion method was employed to insert Salix branches of varying diameters. A mechanical model of the insertion process was established, and force analysis was conducted on both the pressure roller and the Salix branches. The cause of the insertion inclination angle was analyzed: the insertion direction of the Salix is subject to fluid resistance from the sandy soil. As the insertion depth increases, the velocity of the Salix branch entering the soil decreases. The deceleration displacement was solved and used to construct a geometric relationship with the initial insertion point and the insertion depth, yielding the theoretical deflection angle of the Salix branch. [Result] (1) The composite motion formed by the equipment advancing and the branch being vertically inserted into the soil causes sand resistance to hinder the horizontal movement of the branch bottom end, which is the main reason for the insertion inclination angle. When the insertion depth exceeds 60 mm, soil resistance significantly attenuates the horizontal velocity at the bottom end, resulting in a horizontal displacement difference between the upper and lower ends of the branch and leading to an increase in the insertion inclination angle. (2) The insertion inclination angle increases monotonically with the speed-to-rotation ratio; the larger the ratio, the greater the branch tilt angle. Increasing the pressure roller rotation speed or reducing the laying travel speed can both decrease the insertion inclination angle. (3) Within the optimal parameter range (pressure roller rotation speed 100–200 r/min, laying speed 600–1 500 mm/s), when r is approximately 7, the insertion inclination angle can be stably controlled within 10°. Beyond this range, the inclination angle increases rapidly and steeply, failing to meet the sand barrier laying process standards. (4) Under optimal parameter conditions, the equipment can adapt to full-size Salix psammophila branches of 9–12 mm, with regular insertion posture, branch insertion success rate reached 88.3%, and the complete machine demonstrates excellent operational stability. [Conclusion] The Salix grid sand barrier laying device designed in this study is suitable for flat and gently sloped terrain. Focusing on the branch insertion mechanism, its rationality was analyzed and verified. The structural design of the insertion mechanism was completed. The influence of different operating parameters on sand barrier formation quality was investigated, and optimal operating parameters were determined. This work provides a reference for the design and optimization of Salix grid sand barrier laying mechanisms.

关键词

农林业机械 / 防风固沙 / 沙柳沙障 / 插枝机构 / 扦插倾角

Key words

agricultural and forestry machinery / windbreak and sand fixation / Salix sand barrier / cutting insertion mechanism / insertion angle

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基金资助

鄂尔多斯市国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设科技支撑“揭榜挂帅”重大项目(JB20251437)

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZQTYB240400002)