新疆天东林管局乌苏分局雪岭云杉小蠹种类及危害调查

Investigation on the species and harm of bark beetle on Picea schrenkiana in the Wusu Sub-bureau of the Forestry Administration Bureau of the eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China

摘要

【目的】雪岭云杉是新疆山地森林生态系统的建群种和优势种，在维持区域生态系统稳定、调节生态平衡以及提升生态系统固碳潜力方面发挥着重要作用。近年来，新疆天东林管局乌苏分局出现了大量雪岭云杉死亡现象，在大部分死亡的雪岭云杉树上均发现多种小蠹危害症状。本研究旨在查明雪岭云杉死亡植株上小蠹的种类组成、危害现状及其分布，为今后小蠹的防治和科学防控提供基础资料。【方法】于 2024 年 6—9 月，采用树干解析法和剖皮采集法对天东林管局乌苏分局管辖区内雪岭云杉林的小蠹进行采集，对采集的标本进行了鉴定和整理；同时采用标准地调查方法对小蠹的危害程度做了系统的调查。【结果】共在雪岭云杉死树上调查到小蠹 3 种，分别是天山重齿小蠹、天山星坑小蠹和云杉大小蠹；其中云杉大小蠹在新疆首次被报道。雪岭云杉受害株率分析表明，不同标准样地内雪岭云杉的受害株率差异程度较大，最高受害株率达到了 70.76%。小蠹羽化时间研究表明，3 种小蠹的羽化高峰期存在差异，云杉大小蠹的羽化高峰期出现最晚，第一次捕获到云杉大小蠹是在 8 月中旬，共捕获 3 头。【结论】新疆天东林管局乌苏分局管辖区内雪岭云杉上小蠹种类有 3 种，各样地受害株率差异较大，当前小蠹危害处于局部发生阶段。研究结果为新疆天东林管局乌苏分局管辖区雪岭云杉小蠹的科学防控提供了重要参考。

Abstract

[Objective] Picea schrenkiana is a dominant and key species in the mountain forest ecosystems of Xinjiang. It plays a vital role in maintaining regional ecosystem stability, regulating ecological balance, and enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of ecosystems. In recent years, extensive mortality of P. schrenkiana has occurred in the Wusu Sub-bureau of the Forestry Administration Bureau of the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. Multiple species of bark beetles were identified on dead trees of P. schrenkiana, exhibiting clear signs of infestation. This study aimed to identify the species composition, damage status and distribution of bark beetles on dead trees of P. schrenkiana, so as to provide basic data for the prevention and scientific control of bark beetles in the future. [Method] From June to September 2024, bark beetle in P. schrenkiana under the Wusu Sub-bureau of the Forestry Administration Bureau of the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang were collected using the stem analysis method and the bark peeling collection method. The collected specimens were identified and cataloged. Concurrently, a systematic survey of the damage severity caused by bark beetles was conducted using standard field investigation method. [Result] A total of three species of bark beetles were surveyed on dead trees of P. schrenkiana, namely: Ips hauseri, Pityogenes spessivtsevi and Dendroctonus micans. Notably, D. micans in Xinjiang was reported for the first time. Analysis of the damage incidence rate in Picea schrenkiana revealed significant variation across different standard plots, with the highest damage incidence rate reaching 70.76%. Study on the emergence timing of bark beetles has shown that the peak emergence periods for the three species of bark beetles occur at different times, with D. micans exhibiting the latest emergence peak. The first trapping of the D. micans was in mid-August, only 3 were trapped. [Conclusion] There are three species of bark beetle found on Picea schrenkiana in Wusu Sub-bureau of the Forestry Administration Bureau of the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, the infestation rates varies greatly among sites, and the current infestation of bark beetle is at the localised stage. Meanwhile, the results of the study provide important reference for the scientific prevention and control of Picea schrenkiana beetle in Wusu Sub-bureau of the Forestry Administration Bureau of the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang.

关键词

雪岭云杉 / 小蠹 / 危害调查 / 新疆

Key words

Picea schrenkiana / bark beetle / hazard investigation / Xinjiang

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基金资助

天山东部国有林管理局乌苏分局林业有害生物普查项目(202406140032)

第三次新疆综合科学考察(2022xjkk1505)

新疆天山森林公园雪岭云杉蛀干害虫多样性调查(XJU-SRT-23085)