新能源基础设施驱动的互花米草治理与盐沼湿地协同修复效应：以江苏光氢储一体化工程为例

Synergistic effects of renewable energy infrastructure-driven Spartina alterniflora control and salt marsh wetland restoration: a case study of an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen-energy storage project in Jiangsu, eastern China

摘要

【目的】互花米草入侵已成为全球滨海湿地生态安全的关键威胁，传统治理模式存在成本高、复发率高的问题。在“双碳”目标及沿海新能源开发背景下，光氢储一体化工程为入侵物种治理与生态修复协同推进提供了创新路径。【方法】本研究以江苏省如东光氢储工程（总占地 290.57 hm²，含 400 MWp 光伏、功率 33.5 MW、容量 67 MWh 储能及制氢设施）为研究对象，通过对比工程实施前后水质、土壤理化性质、底栖动物群落结构及食物网拓扑特征，系统评估“物理清除 + 光伏遮光”模式对互花米草治理与生态修复效果。【结果】工程实现互花米草快速清除，治理后 1 年复发率趋近于 0；水质中总氮、总磷、化学需氧量分别较治理前降低 25.0%、25.0%、20.0%，土壤全氮、全磷含量分别提升 60.0%、33.3%，肥力条件优化；底栖动物物种数从 22 种增至 47 种（+113.6%），多样性指数从 0.5 提升至 1.5，优势类群由单一软体动物（占比 54.5%）转变为节肢动物（31.9%）与软体动物（51.1%）共存的复杂结构；底栖食物网稳定性显著增强，捕食关系数增至 125 条（+443.5%），营养级冗余度提升 50.1%，形成多层级、高连通、稳健型网络。【结论】光氢储一体化工程可同步实现互花米草高效治理与清洁能源生产的双重目标，为滨海湿地入侵物种防控与生态−能源协同发展提供了可参考的绿色可持续模式，对沿海生态安全与低碳转型具有重要实践意义。短期观测为 1 年，长期生态效应及对高营养级的影响仍需进一步监测验证。

Abstract

[Objective] The invasion of Spartina alterniflora has become a major threat to the ecological security of coastal wetlands worldwide, while conventional control approaches are often constrained by high costs and high recurrence rates. Against the background of China’s “dual carbon” goals and coastal renewable energy development, integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen-energy storage projects provide an innovative pathway for the coordinated advancement of invasive species control and ecological restoration. [Method] This study focused on the Rudong integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen-energy storage project in Jiangsu Province, China, which covers a total area of 290.57 hm² and includes a 400 MWp photovoltaic system, a 33.5 MW/67 MWh energy storage system, and hydrogen production facilities. By comparing water quality, soil physicochemical properties, benthic faunal community structure, and food-web topological characteristics before and after project implementation, this study systematically evaluated the effectiveness of the “physical removal + photovoltaic shading” model in controlling S. alterniflora and promoting ecological restoration. [Result] The project achieved rapid removal of S. alterniflora, with the recurrence rate approaching zero one year after treatment. Compared with the pre-treatment conditions, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand in water decreased by 25.0%, 25.0% and 20.0%, respectively. Soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 60.0% and 33.3%, respectively, indicating improved soil fertility. The number of benthic faunal species increased from 22 to 47, representing a 113.6% increase, and the diversity index increased from 0.5 to 1.5. The dominant community structure shifted from a mollusk-dominated assemblage, accounting for 54.5%, to a more complex structure characterized by the coexistence of arthropods, accounting for 31.9%, and mollusks, accounting for 51.1%. The stability of the benthic food web was significantly enhanced, with the number of predation links increasing to 125, representing a 443.5% increase, and trophic redundancy increasing by 50.1%, forming a multilayered, highly connected, and robust network. [Conclusion] The integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen-energy storage project can simultaneously achieve efficient control of S. alterniflora and clean energy production, providing a green and sustainable model for invasive species control and ecological-energy coordinated development in coastal wetlands. This model has important practical significance for coastal ecological security and low-carbon transition. However, as the current observation period was limited to one year, the long-term ecological effects and impacts on higher trophic levels require further monitoring and verification.

关键词

光氢储一体化工程 / 互花米草 / 协同治理 / 湿地生态修复 / 底栖动物

Key words

integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen-energy storage project / Spartina alterniflora / coordinated management / wetland ecological restoration / benthic fauna

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2024YFB4207000)