黄河三角洲滨海湿地不同生境对大气颗粒物沉降的调控作用

Effects of different habitats in the Yellow River Delta coastal wetlands on atmospheric particulate matter deposition

摘要

【目的】探究黄河三角洲滨海湿地不同生境对大气颗粒物沉降的调控作用，阐明沉降过程对地表环境与气象条件变化的响应机制。【方法】基于2025年4月在光滩生境（光滩站）、植被生境（植被站）和潮沟生境（潮沟站）布设的3台多高度自动气象观测站所获取的大气颗粒物浓度、气象因子及滩面水位数据，采用Kruskal-Wallis检验、Dunn事后比较和Spearman相关分析，评估不同生境间沉降通量的差异及其与环境因子的相关性。在此基础上，利用广义加性模型（GAM）定量分析风速、风向、相对湿度、滩面水位和温度对PM_2.5、PM₁₀和TSP沉降通量的贡献，进一步揭示关键环境因子与沉降通量之间的非线性响应特征。【结果】不同生境间颗粒物沉降通量差异显著（ p < 0.001）。植被站更有利于PM_2.5和PM₁₀沉降且通量稳定性较高，而光滩站对TSP沉降更为有利但波动较大。相对湿度是影响颗粒物沉降的主导因子，在植被站对PM_2.5和PM₁₀的贡献率最高，分别为23.53%和22.91%；同时，相对湿度在多个生境中对颗粒物沉降通量表现出显著非线性影响。此外，风速和风向也是重要影响因子，较高相对湿度与东南风条件共同促进颗粒物沉降。【结论】黄河三角洲滨海湿地不同生境可通过改变近地层微气象条件调控大气颗粒物沉降过程。相对湿度在沉降中发挥主导作用，风速和风向次之，且不同生境具有差异化的沉降调控机制。主导环境因子与沉降通量间普遍存在显著非线性响应关系，并对应特定的有利沉降取值区间。本研究可为滨海湿地大气颗粒物沉降过程评估、生态功能提升及湿地环境管理提供科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different habitats in the Yellow River Delta coastal wetlands on atmospheric particulate matter deposition and to clarify the responses of deposition fluxes to variations in surface environmental and meteorological conditions. [Method] Data on atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, meteorological variables, and tidal flat water levels were collected during April 2025 using three multi-level automatic meteorological observation systems deployed at the Tidal Flat Station, Vegetation Station, and Tidal Creek Station. Differences in deposition fluxes among habitats were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s post-hoc comparisons, while relationships with environmental factors were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. On this basis, a generalized additive model (GAM) was further employed to quantify the relative contributions of wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, tidal flat water level, and temperature, and to characterize nonlinear responses of deposition fluxes to these factors. [Result] Significant differences in particulate matter deposition fluxes were observed among habitats (p < 0.001). The Vegetation Station exhibited higher deposition fluxes and greater stability for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, whereas the Tidal Flat Station showed higher TSP deposition fluxes with greater variability. Relative humidity was identified as the dominant factor affecting particulate matter deposition. Its contributions to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ deposition at the Vegetation Station reached 23.53% and 22.91%, respectively, and relative humidity exhibited significant nonlinear effects on deposition fluxes across multiple habitats. In addition, wind speed and wind direction played important roles in regulating deposition, with higher relative humidity conditions and southeasterly winds synergistically favoring particulate matter deposition. [Conclusion] Different habitats in the Yellow River Delta coastal wetlands can regulate atmospheric particulate matter deposition processes by altering near-surface micro-meteorological conditions. Relative humidity plays a dominant role, followed by wind speed and wind direction, and different habitats exhibit distinct deposition regulation mechanisms. Significant nonlinear relationships were generally observed between dominant environmental factors and deposition fluxes, with specific optimal value ranges favoring particulate matter deposition. The findings provide a scientific basis for evaluating atmospheric particulate matter deposition processes, enhancing ecological functions, and improving environmental management in coastal wetlands.

关键词

滨海湿地 / 广义加性模型（GAM） / 大气颗粒物 / 沉降通量 / 相对湿度 / 非线性响应

Key words

coastal wetlands / GAM / atmospheric particulate matter / deposition flux / relative humidity / nonlinear response

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基金资助

中央高校基本业务经费专项(BFUKF202523)