新疆哈密林区天山重齿小蠹发生规律与空间分布特征

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and occurrence patterns of Ips hauseri in the Hami forest region, Xinjiang of northwestern China

摘要

【目的】明确天山重齿小蠹在新疆哈密林区的发生危害规律，为开展监测防控工作提供科学依据。【方法】2024—2025 年，在新疆哈密林区雪岭云杉天然林中，采用林间样地调查、信息素诱捕与树干剥皮调查相结合的方法，调查天山重齿小蠹成虫扬飞规律和生活史，比较不同受害类型云杉树干上成虫的分布特征；统计样地内云杉健康状况，结合频次分布拟合与聚集度指标，分析不同发生程度样地受害云杉的空间分布格局。【结果】（1）天山重齿小蠹在哈密林区自然条件下 1 年发生 1 代，越冬代成虫于 4 月下旬开始出土活动，当年羽化的成虫于 8 月中旬至 9 月上旬入土越冬；（2）5—9 月为成虫扬飞期，其中 5—6 月为越冬成虫扬飞期，高峰期出现在 6 月 10 日前后。7—9 月为当年新羽化成虫的扬飞期，高峰期出现在 7 月 16 日前后；不同时段成虫日扬飞节律存在明显差异，5 月下旬成虫日扬飞活动呈单峰型，7 月下旬呈双峰型；（3）成虫在受害云杉树干上整体表现为中段分布密度较高，上部和下部较低的特点；（4）对不同危害程度样地受害云杉频次分布拟合与聚集度指标分析表明，随着危害程度加重，受害云杉的空间分布格局由明显聚集逐渐向弱聚集转变，并最终趋近随机分布。【结论】研究明确了当前哈密林区天山重齿小蠹成虫扬飞规律和生活史的变化，同时揭示了其在不同受害类型云杉树干上的分布特征及不同危害样地中受害云杉的空间格局变化。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the occurrence patterns and damage dynamics of Ips hauseri in the Hami forest region, Xinjiang of northwestern China and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring and control. [Method] From 2024 to 2025, field investigations were conducted in natural Picea schrenkiana forests in the Hami region. A combination of plot surveys, pheromone trapping and bark-peeling surveys was used to investigate the flight activity patterns and life history of I. hauseri adults, and to compare the distribution of adults on the trunks of spruce trees with different damage types. In addition, the health condition of spruce trees within the plots was recorded, and frequency distribution fitting and aggregation indices were applied to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of damaged spruce trees in plots with different infestation levels. [Result] (1) Under natural conditions in the Hami forest region, I. hauseri completed one generation per year. Overwintered adults began to emerge from the soil and become active in late April, while newly emerged adults entered the soil for overwintering from mid-August to early September. (2) Adult flight activity occurred from May to September. The flight period of overwintered adults extended from May to June, peaking around June 10, whereas that of newly emerged adults lasted from July to September, with a peak around July 16. Marked differences were observed in daily flight rhythms among different periods: a single-peak pattern was recorded in late May, while a double-peak pattern occurred in late July. (3) Adults on damaged spruce trees were mainly distributed in the middle sections of trunk, with lower densities in the upper and lower sections. (4) Analysis based on frequency distribution fitting and aggregation indices showed that, with increasing damage severity, the spatial distribution of damaged spruce trees shifted from a highly aggregated pattern to a weakly aggregated pattern, and eventually approached a random distribution. [Conclusion] This paper clarifies the flight activity patterns and life history of adult I. hauseri in the Hami forest region of Xinjiang, and reveals the distribution patterns of adults on spruce trunks with different damage types, as well as the spatial pattern changes of damaged spruce trees in plots with different infestation levels.

关键词

天山重齿小蠹 / 雪岭云杉 / 生活史 / 扬飞规律 / 空间分布格局

Key words

Ips hauseri / Picea schrenkiana / life history / flight activity rhythm / spatial distribution pattern

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基金资助

天东林管局哈密分局云杉天山重齿小蠹关键防控技术研究(NO.2025006)