栽植模式与丛枝菌根真菌对灌木根际微环境与细根形态的影响

Effects of planting patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on rhizosphere microenvironment and fine root morphology of shrubs

摘要

【目的】脆弱生态系统植被恢复中，植物根系养分获取策略的适应性机制是生态学研究的核心议题。栽植模式与丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的协同调控被认为是提升植物抗逆性与生态系统功能的关键途径，但二者如何协同驱动根际微环境与根系形态的耦合机制尚缺乏系统解析。为阐明栽植模式与 AMF 如何协同驱动根际微环境与根系形态的耦合机制，本研究揭示了不同栽植模式与 AMF 接种对根际过程及根系构型的协同调控效应。【方法】以内蒙古砒砂岩区抗逆性强的灌木树种为对象，于 2022-2023 年在内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗的典型砒砂岩区开展研究。试验设置单栽灌木铁线莲和土庄绣线菊以及 2 种灌木混栽处理 3 种栽植模式，结合 AMF 接种与未接种处理，系统分析根际土壤微环境及细根形态相关指标的变化规律。采用双因素方差分析检验处理效应，并利用偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）解析根际微环境对根系形态的驱动作用。【结果】栽植模式与 AMF 接种对根际微环境及根系形态存在显著的交互调控效应。单栽结合 AMF 接种显著提高了灌木铁线莲根际微生物生物量碳、氮的含量，分别较混栽接种处理提高了 120.7% 和 337.2%（ P < 0.05）；同时，接种 AMF 使其氮水解酶活性在单栽与混栽处理下分别较不接种处理下降了 31.7% 和 41.6% （ P < 0.05）。与单栽处理相比，混栽处理则通过种间养分互补提升灌木铁线莲和土庄绣线菊土壤有效氮含量，并协同 AMF 使 2 种灌木根际 pH 分别降低了 0.3 和 0.1 个单位。单栽处理下，接种 AMF 使灌木铁线莲和土庄绣线菊的根系平均直径较未接种处理分别增加了 16.7% 和 20.0%。未接种处理下，2 种灌木在单栽处理的根尖数分别较混栽处理显著提升了 95.1% 和 59.2%。偏最小二乘路径模型分析显示，土壤酶活性（总效应 + 0.894）与 pH（总效应 + 0.548）是驱动根系形态变化的核心因子。【结论】本研究整合多参数数据，揭示了砒砂岩区灌木以菌根共生为前提、由根际酶活性与 pH 重塑介导的根系构型形成对栽植模式与接种处理差异化适应，为植被修复中植物−微生物间资源配置提供了科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] The adaptive mechanisms underlying plant root nutrient acquisition strategies in fragile ecosystems represent a central topic in ecological research. The synergistic regulation of planting patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widely recognized as a key pathway to enhance plant stress resistance and ecosystem function. However, the coupled mechanisms by which these two factors drive rhizosphere microenvironments and root morphology remain insufficiently understood. To elucidate how planting patterns and AMF synergistically shape the coupling between rhizosphere processes and root architecture, this study aims to reveal the coordinated regulatory effects of different planting patterns and AMF inoculation on rhizosphere dynamics and root system configuration. [Method] This study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the typical Pisha sandstone area of Jungar Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia of northern China, focusing on stress-tolerant shrub species native to the region. The experiment included three planting patterns: monoculture of Clematis fruticosa and Spiraea pubescens, respectively, and a mixed-culture treatment of both shrubs combined with AMF inoculation and non-inoculation treatments. We systematically analyzed variations in rhizosphere soil microhabitats and fine root morphological traits. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test treatment effects, while partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to dissect the driving effects of rhizosphere microenvironment on root morphology. [Result] The results demonstrated that significant interactive effects existed between planting patterns and AMF inoculation on the rhizosphere microenvironment and root morphology. Under monoculture combined with AMF inoculation, the contents of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the rhizosphere of Clematis fruticosa increased significantly by 120.7% and 337.2%, respectively compared with the mixed-culture inoculation treatment (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, AMF inoculation reduced nitrogen hydrolase activity under monoculture and mixed-culture treatments by 31.7% and 41.6%, respectively compared with non-inoculation controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, mixed-culture enhanced soil available nitrogen content for both C. fruticosa and S. pubescens through interspecific nutrient complementarity, and synergized with AMF to decrease rhizosphere pH of the two shrubs by 0.3 and 0.1 units, respectively. Under monoculture, AMF inoculation significantly increased average root diameter of C. fruticosa and S. pubescens by 16.7% and 20.0%, respectively compared with non-inoculated controls. Without AMF inoculation, the number of root tips for both shrubs under monoculture increased significantly by 95.1% and 59.2%, respectively compared with mixed-culture treatments. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed that soil enzyme activity (total effect + 0.894) and pH (total effect + 0.548) were the core drivers of changes in root morphology. [Conclusion] By integrating multi-parameter datasets, this study demonstrates that shrub root architectural formation in the Pisha sandstone region is predicated on mycorrhizal symbiosis and mediated by remodeling of rhizosphere enzyme activity and pH. This plasticity reflects a differentiated adaptive strategy to planting patterns and inoculation treatments, offering a scientific foundation for optimizing plant-microbe resource allocation in vegetation restoration.

关键词

砒砂岩区 / 栽植模式 / 丛枝菌根真菌 / 根际微环境 / 根系形态

Key words

Pisha sandstone area / planting patterns / arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi / rhizosphere microenvironment / root morphology

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基金资助

中央引导地方科技发展计划项目(2025ZY0038)

内蒙古自治区本级事业单位引进高层次人才科研支持项目(124001003)

国家自然科学基金项目(32560307)