基于多维多样性的干旱半干旱区森林健康评价及驱动因子分析

Assessment of forest health and analysis of driving factors in arid and semi-arid regions based on multidimensional diversity

摘要

【目的】为评价宁夏罗山的森林健康状况，解析干旱半干旱地区森林健康的驱动机制，本文构建了森林健康评价指标体系并识别主要驱动因素，以期为该区域森林资源保护与生态修复提供科学依据。【方法】本研究以罗山 5 种主要森林类型（青海云杉纯林、青海云杉油松混交林、油松纯林、油松山杨混交林、山杨纯林）为研究对象，整合物种多样性、系统发育多样性与功能多样性指标，基于林分生产力、生物多样性、立地条件和稳定性 4 个方面，构建森林健康评价指标体系，运用主成分分析法计算森林健康指数、聚类分析法划分森林健康等级，并通过回归分析和弹性网络分析探究影响健康指数的关键驱动因子。【结果】（1）研究区森林约 26.67% 处于“健康”状态，33.33% 处于“亚健康”状态，“中健康”和“不健康”状态均占 20.00%；（2）混交林的健康指数显著高于纯林（P < 0.05）；（3）单位面积蓄积量、物种多样性指数、系统发育多样性指数、功能多样性指数是影响森林健康程度的最主要因素；（4）单位面积蓄积量、物种多样性指数、系统发育多样性指数的标准化系数值排序较高。【结论】罗山森林健康是生产力与多维多样性协同作用的结果。在干旱半干旱区森林健康评价中，引入多维多样性指标有助于提升评价体系对生态系统稳定性的表征能力。

Abstract

[Objective] To assess the forest health of Luoshan Mountain, Ningxia of northwestern China, and analyze the driving mechanisms of forest health in arid and semi-arid regions, this paper constructs an indicator system for forest health assessment and identifies the key driving factors, with a view to providing a scientific basis for the conservation of forest resources and ecological restoration in this region. [Method] This study took five major forest types in Luoshan Mountain (Picea crassifolia pure forest, Picea crassifolia × Pinus tabuliformis mixed forest, Pinus tabuliformis pure forest, Pinus tabuliformis × Populus davidiana mixed forest, and Populus davidiana pure forest) as the study subjects. By integrating indicators of species diversity, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity, a forest health evaluation index system was constructed based on four aspects: stand productivity, biodiversity, site conditions and stability. Principal component analysis was employed to calculate the forest health index, and cluster analysis was used to classify forest health levels. Furthermore, regression analysis and elastic network analysis were conducted to investigate the key drivers influencing the health index. [Result] (1) Approximately 26.67% of the forests in the study area was in a ‘healthy’ state, 33.33% was ‘sub-healthy’, whilst ‘moderately healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ each accounted for almost 20.00%; (2) The health index of mixed forests was significantly higher than that of pure stands (P < 0.05); (3) Standing volume per unit area, species diversity index, phylogenetic diversity index and functional diversity index were the most significant factors influencing forest health; (4) The standardized coefficient values of standing volume per unit area, species diversity index and phylogenetic diversity index were relatively high. [Conclusion] Forest health in Luoshan Mountain is the result of synergistic interaction between productivity and multidimensional diversity. In the evaluation of forest health in arid and semi-arid regions, the introduction of multidimensional diversity indices helps to enhance the evaluation system’s ability to characterize ecosystem stability and resistance to disturbance.

关键词

宁夏罗山 / 森林健康评价 / 多维多样性 / 森林健康驱动因子 / 干旱半干旱区 / 生态系统

Key words

Luoshan Mountain in Ningxia / forest health assessment / multidimensional diversity / forest health driving factors / arid and semi-arid regions / ecosystem

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32260421)

宁夏青年科技托举人才培养项目()