雪岭云杉林地上死有机质碳和养分特征的区域差异及组分分异

Regional variation and component-specific carbon and nutrient characteristics of aboveground dead organic matter in Picea schrenkiana forests

摘要

【目的】明确天山山脉雪岭云杉天然林凋落物和粗木质残体（CWD）碳储量及养分特征的区域变化规律，以期为认识森林地上死有机质库的组成特征及其在生态系统物质循环中的作用提供科学依据。【方法】以天山山脉昭苏、新源、呼图壁、天池和奇台 5 个典型区域的天然雪岭云杉林为研究对象，测定凋落物和 CWD 的碳、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量，分析其化学计量特征及碳储量组成。【结果】（1）凋落物养分含量和化学计量特征均存在明显区域差异，而 CWD 养分组成相对稳定，仅磷、钾和镁表现出区域差异。（2）与凋落物相比，CWD 具有较高的碳氮比和碳磷比以及更大的化学计量变异幅度，表明长期腐解过程中元素迁移增强。（3）不同区域地上死有机质碳储量差异主要来源于凋落物，且沿天山山脉由西向东逐渐增加。尽管凋落物和 CWD 对总地上死有机质碳储量的贡献率存在明显差异，但总地上死有机质碳储量在区域间未表现出显著变化。其中，凋落物和 CWD 对总地上死有机质碳储量贡献率分别为 57.2% ~ 86.6% 和 13.4% ~ 42.8%。【结论】凋落物和 CWD 的碳养分特征及其碳储量占比的区域差异，共同塑造了雪岭云杉林地上死有机质碳库的空间格局。研究结果有助于深化对干旱区山地森林地上死有机质碳库形成过程及养分循环特征的认识。

Abstract

[Objective] To characterize regional patterns in carbon stocks and nutrient properties of litter and coarse woody debris (CWD) in natural Picea schrenkiana forests across the Tianshan Mountains, and thereby improve understanding of the composition of aboveground dead organic matter pools and their role in ecosystem nutrient cycling. [Method] Natural Schrenk spruce ( Picea schrenkiana) forests located in five representative regions of the Tianshan Mountains, including Zhaosu, Xinyuan, Hutubi, Tianchi, and Qitai, were selected for this study. Concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in litter and CWD were determined to evaluate their stoichiometric characteristics and carbon storage patterns. [ Result] (1) Significant regional differences were observed in nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric characteristics of litter, whereas nutrient composition in CWD was comparatively stable, with only P, K, and Mg varying significantly among regions. (2) Compared with litter, CWD exhibited higher C∶N and C∶P and greater stoichiometric variability, indicating enhanced elemental losses and retention during long-term decomposition. (3) Regional variation in aboveground dead organic matter carbon storage was primarily driven by litter and generally increased from west to east across the Tianshan Mountains. Although the relative contributions of litter and CWD differed substantially among regions, total aboveground dead organic matter carbon storage showed no significant regional differences. Litter and CWD accounted for 57.2%−86.6% and 13.4%−42.8% of total aboveground dead organic matter carbon storage, respectively. [Conclusion] The spatial pattern of the aboveground dead organic matter C pool in Tianshan spruce forests is jointly shaped by regional variation in the C and nutrient characteristics of litter and CWD and in their relative contributions to C storage. These findings improve our understanding of the formation and nutrient cycling processes of aboveground dead organic matter pools in mountain forests of arid regions.

关键词

雪岭云杉林 / 凋落物 / 粗木质残体 / 生态化学计量学 / 地上死有机质碳库

Key words

Picea schrenkiana forest / litter / coarse woody debris / ecological stoichiometry / aboveground dead organic matter carbon pool

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基金资助

安徽省教育厅项目(2023jyjxggyjY071)