1.School of Electronic Information Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China
2.School of Computer Science,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China
3.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication Sensing and Signal Processing,Hohhot 010070,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2026-01-31
2026-07-15
Issue Date
2026-09-21
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摘要
随着5G向6G演进,通信系统对超高吞吐量与海量连接能力的需求日益提升。凭借丰富的频谱资源,毫米波(Millimeter wave,mmWave)频段成为未来无线通信的重要技术方向。然而,毫米波网络存在传播损耗大、易受阻塞影响等问题,通常需要通过高密度基站部署来保障覆盖性能,这进一步加剧了小区间干扰。基站协作传输作为一种有效的干扰抑制与覆盖增强手段,在毫米波通信中具有重要应用前景。但由于毫米波信道中视距/非视距(Line of sight/Non-line of sight,LoS/NLoS)传播特性差异显著,面向该特性的协作传输机制设计及其性能分析仍需进一步研究。为此,基于随机几何理论,构建毫米波网络下的有限协作传输模型,系统分析协作策略对典型用户覆盖性能的影响。具体而言,推导了典型用户到服务基站(区分LoS和NLoS)的距离分布与关联概率,并通过对干扰信号进行拉普拉斯变换,得到了覆盖概率的闭合表达式。在此基础上,进一步分析了基站密度、协作阈值和虚拟小区半径等关键参数对系统覆盖性能的影响。
Abstract
With the evolution from 5G to 6G, wireless communication systems are facing ever-increasing demands for ultra-high throughput and massive connectivity.Owing to its abundant spectrum resources, the millimeter-wave band has emerged as a key enabling technology for future wireless communications.However, mmWave networks suffer from severe propagation loss and high sensitivity to blockage, and therefore usually rely on dense base station deployment to ensure coverage performance, which in turn aggravates inter-cell interference.As an effective approach for interference mitigation and coverage enhancement, cooperative transmission has shown great potential in mmWave communications.Nevertheless, due to the significant differences between line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation characteristics in mmWave channels, the design and performance analysis of cooperative transmission schemes tailored to such characteristics still require further investigation.To this end, a finite cooperative transmission model for mmWave networks based on stochastic geometry is developed and the impact of cooperative strategies on the coverage performance of a typical user is systematically investigated.Specifically, the distance distributions and association probabilities between the typical user and its serving base stations under both LoS and NLoS conditions are derived.Furthermore, by applying the Laplace transform to the aggregate interference, a closed-form expression for the coverage probability is obtained.Based on this, the effects of key system parameters, including base station density, cooperation threshold, and virtual cell radius, on the coverage performance are further analyzed.
毫米波(Millimeter wave,mmWave)是第五代移动通信及后续通信系统中的关键技术之一[1]。然而,由于mmWave信号对阻塞高度敏感,其在视距/非视距(Line of sight/Non-line of sight,LoS/NLoS)条件下的路径损耗存在明显差异。为保障网络覆盖与服务质量,运营商通常需要密集部署mmWave基站(Base station,BS)[2]。尽管该方法可有效提升网络覆盖能力,但同时也加剧了小区间干扰。基站协作被认为是缓解小区间干扰的有效手段之一,在该机制下,多个基站可对同一用户进行联合传输,将原本作为干扰的部分信号转化为有用信号,从而提升通信可靠性[3]。以用户为中心的基站协作方案能够满足高流量需求并减弱小区边缘效应,在提升用户吞吐量和网络容量方面具有显著优势[4-5]。
根据虚拟小区内基站数量进行分类,如果中的基站数量为0,该区域被称为空小区(Void-cell,Void-C);如果中基站数量为1,该区域被称为单基站小区(Single-base station cell,SBS-C);如果中基站数量大于或等于2,该区域被称为多基站小区(Multi-base station cell,MBS-C)。这种分簇方案是将相邻基站间的路径损耗比与预设协作阈值相比,以判断备选基站是否参与协作,进而明确参与协作的基站数量。具体来说,MBS-C分为第个基站参与协作(Multi-base station cell with the nth BS cooperating,MBS-CC-n )和第个基站不参与协作(Multi-base station cell without the nth BS cooperating,MBS-CNC-n )。用表示虚拟小区的小区类型,根据虚拟小区内基站数量和相邻节点的协作阈值对所设置的小区进行分类,具体表达式如下:
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