To investigate the impact of immunotolerant populations on the progression of infectious diseases, a dynamic model of hepatitis B transmission is constructed, incorporating separate compartments for immunotolerant individuals and actively infected individuals.The basic reproduction number is calculated using the next-generation matrix method.The stability of equilibrium points is analyzed by combining the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, LaSalle's invariance principle, and Lyapunov functions.Optimal control is solved using Pontryagin's principle, and numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical findings.The results indicate that subdividing the and compartments can accurately reflect the transmission characteristics of hepatitis B and avoid biases inherent in traditional models, while δ exhibits potential for epidemic control and prevention.The study clarifies the critical role of immunotolerant populations and provides theoretical support for targeted prevention and control strategies.
乙型病毒性肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)入侵人体引发的肝脏靶向性传染性疾病,HBV主要通过血液和体液接触等方式传播,具有感染持续时间长和致病机制复杂等特性。HBV感染后会逐步破坏肝脏正常结构,引发炎症、纤维化等病变,长期慢性感染可发展为肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌,对人类身心健康构成严重威胁[1]。
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