Gas explosion is a destructive and frequent major disaster type in coal mines, and the existing risk assessment system still has shortcomings in accuracy, objectivity, and real⁃time performance. In response to the practical needs and challenges in coal mine gas explosion risk assessment, this article constructs the data⁃driven coal mine gas explosion risk assessment system. First, a three⁃level indicator system covering multiple dimensions such as monitoring, management, hidden danger status, and environmental conditions was constructed by using the hybrid‑driven method integrating text mining and disaster mechanisms, which enabled real⁃time collection and expression of multi⁃source heterogeneous data. Second, scoring rules for third⁃level indicators and threshold rules for second⁃level indicators were formulated based on domain knowledge to provide standardized support for model inputs. Third, a multi⁃level and multi⁃model fusion risk assessment method was developed by integrating FAHP, CRITIC, linear weighting models, end⁃point mixed triangular whitenization weight functions, and risk level⁃risk value transformation models, achieving a balance between interpretability and data processing capabilities. Finally, industrial testing was conducted on coal working faces and return airways of three types of coal mines: low⁃gas, high⁃gas, and outburst mines.The results indicate that the proposed assessment system can integrate multi⁃source heterogeneous data in real time, enabling risk assessment across multiple regions and levels with an accuracy rate of 98.3%. Comparative analysis demonstrates that its assessment accuracy is improved by 1.6% and 8.7% respectively compared to single weighting method and traditional grey clustering model. The system achieves real⁃time, accurate, and adaptive coal mine gas explosion risk assessment under various working conditions, significantly outperforming traditional models and demonstrating strong industrial applicability and promising prospects for widespread adoption.
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