In order to investigate the dynamical evolution characteristics of the swelling stress during the CO2 adsorption process in coal, embarking on the key technical challenges such as the airtightness of the device, the effectiveness of the confinement system and the reliability of the dynamometer, a test apparatus for coal adsorption⁃induced swelling stress has been developed, which integrates the axial confinement system, the data monitoring system, the pore pressure control system and the temperature control system. The results show that the developed coal adsorption⁃induced swelling stress test device has excellent air⁃tightness and axial confinement capability, is capable of achieving more than 95% axial deformation of coal samples and enables dynamic testing of gas pressure and coal swelling stress within 10 MPa. The experiments of coal swelling stress under CO2 are conducted based on this device to analyze its dynamical evolution characteristics. The dynamical evolution curve of adsorption⁃induced swelling stress in coal during CO2 adsorption over time exhibits three pattern types. When the CO2 pressure is low, there is no significant mechanical damage effect due to the adsorbed gas in the coal, resulting in the curve that is primarily characterized by two stages: The reduction of the compressive stress due to gas injection and the subsequent increase in swelling stress due to gas adsorption, presenting a type⁃Ⅰ curve with a distinct Langmuir curve characteristics. As the gas pressure increases, the mechanical damage caused by the “erosion” effect of gas adsorption leads to a decrease in swelling stress, forming a type⁃Ⅱ curve. Once the stress reduction due to mechanical damage exceeds the stress increase due to adsorption swelling, the swelling stress after adsorption equilibrium is significantly lower than the initial value, presenting a type⁃Ⅲ curve. A dual Langmuir model for the dynamical evolution of the adsorption⁃induced swelling stress has been developed, which takes into account the coal mechanical damage, can accurately fit the evolution relationship of the swelling stress over time.
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