The form of the crushing body and the loading rate significantly influence the material crushing process, making the selection of an appropriate crushing method essential for energy⁃efficient comminution and particle size control. In this study, drop weight impact tests were conducted by varying the penetration angle and drop height to investigate the effects of different crushing conditions on the fracture morphology, particle size characteristics, and energy efficiency during the fragmentation of quasi⁃brittle materials. The results show that as the penetration angle increases, the failure mode of the specimens transitions from tensile failure to compressive failure. The fracture fractal dimension of the crushed products increases and reaches a maximum within the penetration angle range below 120°, then decreases within the 120°—180° range. The fractal dimension increases with rising mass⁃specific energy, though the rate of increase diminishes within the range of 0.167 4—0.227 7 kW·h/t. The average energy efficiency of material fragmentation under different penetration angles ranges from 1.68% to 2.86%, increasing uniformly with the penetration angle and stabilizing within the 120°—180° range. This study aims to enrich comminution theory and provide a reference for predicting crushed products and designing crushing bodies.
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