To improve the support strength and stability of deep rockburst-prone roadways and enhance the supporting capacity and anti-impact performance of hydraulic supports, an adaptive support design concept encompassing mechanical performance adaptability, spatial structure adaptability, and impact process adaptability was proposed based on the surrounding rock-support mutual feedback mechanism. The general design principles of adaptive roadway energy-absorbing hydraulic supports, namely closed frame + surrounding rock collaborative bearing + impact load adaptation, were established, and the corresponding adaptive roadway energy-absorbing hydraulic supports were developed. A discretized surrounding rock pressure model was constructed, and the mechanical characteristics of the supports were analyzed via numerical simulations, followed by underground field tests. The results show that the adaptive roadway energy-absorbing hydraulic supports can optimize surrounding rock load distribution through passive posture adjustment of the closed frame, reduce the load borne by the support at the middle of roadway sidewalls, and improve the overall supporting capacity. By virtue of energy-absorbing anti-impact components, the supports can effectively dissipate impact energy, and realize pre-adjustment of posture to adapt to potential impact conditions. The standard isosceles trapezoidal posture is suitable for resisting high-velocity and low-energy rockbursts, while the top-bottom convex posture is suitable for resisting low-velocity and high-energy rockbursts.
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