To address the challenge of coal mine goaf reignition caused by high-temperature cracking and low flame-retardant efficiency in traditional coal gangue slurry, this study introduces ammonium octamolybdate (AMM), a highly effective flame-retardant and smoke-suppressing agent, into the coal gangue slurry system. The aim is to elucidate the mechanism by which AMM-modified slurry inhibits coal spontaneous combustion. Through grouting backfill fire prevention and extinguishing test systems, the macroscopic combustion characteristics of raw coal, blank grouted coal, magnesium chloride (MAG), and AMM-modified grouted coal were compared during oxidation at 30—270 °C. Electron spin resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to analyze changes in free radical types, concentrations, and surface functional groups in coal before and after AMM addition. Results indicate: Compared to 7%MAG-modified slurry, 5%AMM-modified slurry reduces peak CO release concentration by 19.97%, exhibiting an inhibition rate 11.78% higher than MAG. After slurry treatment, raw coal showed lower g-values, line widths, and radical concentrations during oxidation, demonstrating stronger self-ignition suppression by AMM-modified slurry than MAG-modified slurry. Quantitative analysis of active functional group changes during oxidation revealed that AMM addition reduced oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -C=O) in coal molecules, inhibited internal methyl side-chain cleavage, and promoted formation of more stable ether bonds. Based on experimental results, it is inferred that during coal oxidation, AMM thermally decomposes to form MoO₃, promoting intermolecular cross-linking reactions to create a protective carbon layer. This blocks the further generation of oxygen-containing radicals into R-OH, instead forming more stable compound structures. Consequently, the production of combustible CO gas is reduced, inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion from a physicochemical perspective. This achieves the enhanced fire prevention and extinguishing effect of AMM-modified coal gangue slurry.
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