1.State key Laboratory of Metal Mine Mining Safety and Disaster Prevention and Control,School of Resources and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
2.Xinjiang Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Dynamic Disasters in Coal Mining,CHN Energy Xinjiang Energy Co. ,Ltd. ,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830027,China
Due to the distinct geological conditions and mining methods of steeply inclined coal seams compared with nearly horizontal, gently inclined, and inclined seams, the failure and movement behavior of steeply inclined coal and rock strata, as well as the rockburst mechanism, have not been fully clarified. This study combines case analysis, numerical simulation, theoretical derivation, field detection, and engineering application to investigate the rockburst mechanism associated with layered cracking and buckling failure in steeply inclined coal and rock strata. The results show that, within the steeply inclined coal seam, horizontal stress is strongly concentrated while vertical stress is relieved. In the goaf, the steeply inclined strata and the surrounding rock on both sides of the roadway exhibit pronounced horizontal stress relief, whereas vertical stress changes only slightly. Under this complex stress evolution, layered cracking develops along bedding planes. After layered cracking, the steeply inclined roof undergoes self-weight-driven buckling deformation. Influenced by elastic modulus, layer width, and mining depth, deflection differs markedly among roof layers, causing the exposed strata to form a hierarchical buckling structure and fracture. The resulting movement is characterized by toppling and caving from top to bottom and from the surface inward. The steeply inclined floor, driven by the downslope component of self-weight, slides downward and develops layered cracking and buckling failure in the middle and lower goaf, leading to step-like sliding failure at the ground surface. In the coal seam, a horizontal layered cracking-buckling structure forms under horizontal compressive stress. Surface magnetotelluric exploration of the steeply inclined roof and floor, together with roadway surrounding-rock detection, provides evidence for these layered cracking-buckling failure characteristics. After fracture of the steeply inclined strata in the goaf, the release of accumulated energy generates dynamic disturbances that propagate to the working face. When these disturbances increase the axial compressive or vertical tensile stress acting on the coal-seam layered cracking-buckling structure beyond its critical strength, rockburst is triggered. Based on this mechanism, principles and methods for rockburst prevention and control are proposed by regulating layered cracking-buckling failure, and corresponding measures are optimized and applied in the field. After implementation, the frequency of high-energy microseismic events at the working face decreased by 86.89%, and the energy of large-energy events decreased by 92.44%, indicating effective rockburst mitigation. These results can provide guidance for rockburst prevention and control in mines with similar conditions.
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