1.School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology‑Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
2.Research Center of Roadway Support and Surrounding Rock Control Engineering in Coal Industry,Beijing 100083,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2026-01-06
2026-05-25
Issue Date
2026-06-11
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摘要
冲击地压是煤炭开采中典型的动力灾害,其孕育演化涉及复杂的“应力-介质”非线性耦合机制.为揭示其致灾机理并实现精准防控,引入拓扑流形理论,基于蝶形破坏力学模型,构建了巷道围岩稳定性演化的SRP全域相图(Stress-Rock-Plasticity Global Phase Diagram),提出了基于几何奇异性的冲击地压机理与立体防控体系.首先,建立了包含塑性区最大深度(Rmax)、环境应力(P1,P3)与介质属性(C,φ)的五维拓扑流形模型,划分了围岩稳定性的稳态区、过渡区与非稳态区,识别出表征系统状态突变的几何临界脊线.其次,推导了跨越脊线时的动力学演化方程,揭示了冲击地压的时间压缩效应:在临界脊线附近的高敏感邻域内,微小的外部扰动或介质劣化可导致塑性区扩展速率呈指数级爆发,引发围岩的瞬态几何扩容与能量瞬时释放;研究表明,相较于黏聚力,高偏应力环境下内摩擦角的衰减对诱发动力失稳具有主控作用.再次,基于相图几何特征,提出了稳定性度量指数(SMI),建立了通用的四级风险分区准则.最后,构建了涵盖源头布局规避、过程耗散结构与末端吸能适应的“空间-时间-物质”立体协同防控体系,为矿井动力灾害安全治理提供了理论和方法论依据.
Abstract
Rockburst is a typical dynamic hazard in coal mining, the incubation and evolution of which involve complex nonlinear coupling between in situ stress and rock mass properties. To elucidate the disaster mechanism and enable precise prevention and control, topological manifold theory was introduced. Based on a butterfly-shaped mechanical model of failure, a stress‑rock‑plasticity (SRP) global phase diagram for the stability evolution of the surrounding rock in the roadway was constructed, and a mechanistic interpretation and three-dimensional prevention and control framework grounded in geometric singularities were proposed. First, a five-dimensional topological manifold model incorporating the maximum plastic-zone depth (Rmax), principal stresses (P1, P3), and material properties (C, φ) was established. The surrounding rock stability was partitioned into a stable regime, a transitional regime, and an unstable regime, and the geometric critical ridge line characterizing state bifurcation was identified. Second, a dynamic evolution equation across the ridge line was derived, revealing a time-compression effect in rockburst: within the highly sensitive neighborhood near the critical ridge line, minor external disturbances or material degradation can trigger an exponential surge in the plastic-zone expansion rate, leading to instantaneous geometric dilation and rapid energy release from the surrounding rock. The results indicate that, compared with cohesion, degradation of the internal friction angle plays a dominant role in inducing dynamic instability under high deviatoric stress conditions. Third, a stability metric index(SMI) is proposed based on the phase diagram geometry, and a universal four-level risk zoning criterion is developed. Finally, a “space‑time‑material” coordinated three-dimensional prevention and control system is established, covering source-layout avoidance, process-stage dissipative structures, and terminal-stage adaptive energy absorption, providing a theoretical and methodological basis for the safe control of dynamic disasters in mines.
鉴于此,本文引入数学中的拓扑流形概念,构建巷道围岩稳定性演化的SRP全域相图(Stress‑Rock‑Plasticity Global Phase Diagram).该模型将环境应力与介质属性映射为五维状态空间,通过识别系统状态点在相空间中跨越几何奇异性的动力学过程,揭示冲击地压的致灾机理.本文首先构建SRP拓扑流形模型,划分巷道围岩稳定性的稳态区与非稳态区;其次,推导跨越临界脊线时的动力学演化方程,阐释“时间压缩”效应与“介质‑应力”双驱动机制;最后,提出基于稳定性度量指数(SMI)的风险分区与“空间‑时间‑物质”立体协同防控策略,以期为矿井动力灾害的安全治理提供理论依据与方法论指导.
冲击倾向性并非冲击地压发生的充分必要条件,已有研究表明无冲击倾向性煤层在高应力/结构控制条件下仍可发生冲击地压[32‑35].为与SRP解析模型的孔洞平面应变假设一致,将509巷道矩形断面等效为圆形孔洞,取等效半径R0=2.5;围岩强度参数取C=2.0 MPa,φ=35°.至此,该案例可由状态向量 X =(P1,P3,C,φ,R0)在SRP相空间中唯一表征,其中序参量取塑性区最大扩展半径Rmax.
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