黄瓜品种高原适应性评价体系研究

Study on the evaluation system of cucumber varieties' adaptability to plateau

摘要

[目的]本文旨在建立一套黄瓜品种高原适应性评价体系,筛选出适宜高原栽培的黄瓜品种,助推拉萨地区蔬菜产业发展。[方法]初步筛选了综合性状良好的华北型、华南型和欧洲温室型等14个黄瓜品种(C1-C14)作为试验材料,在拉萨市高原生物研究所曲水县种植基地对包括苗期耐冷性相关的生长及生理等9个指标以及成株期植株性状、果实性状和产量情况等23个指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数分析等方法进行综合评价,并采用聚类分析进行等级划分,建立黄瓜品种高原适应性评价体系。[结果]4℃低温处理后,多数华北型黄瓜品种苗期耐冷性中等,综合评分为0.15~0.43,而华南型和欧洲温室型黄瓜品种苗期耐冷性较强,其中,C11和C14的综合评分分别为0.76和0.61。在成株期适应性试验中,多数华北型黄瓜品种产量较高,成株期适应性较弱,而欧洲温室型C14风味香甜、生长势强、抗病性极好,适应当地生长条件;华南型C11可溶性糖含量最高、硬度最大,具有全雌性。根据苗期耐冷性划分为3个等级,其中C11和C14品种苗期耐冷性较强;根据成株期适应性划分为3个等级,其中C14品种成株期适应性较强。[结论]建立了一套黄瓜苗期和成株期综合评价分析的高原适应性评价体系,筛选出综合表现优异的欧洲温室型C14和华南型C11品种,可在高原地区推广种植,实现地方主栽品种的迭代。

Abstract

[Objectives] This study aimed to establish a plateau adaptability evaluation system for cucumber varieties, and identify those suitable for cultivation in plateau areas, thereby promoting the development of the vegetable industry in the Lhasa region. [Methods] Fourteen cucumber varieties (C1-C14), including those of the North China type, South China type, and European greenhouse type with good comprehensive traits were preliminarily selected as experimental materials. The study was conducted at the Qushui County planting base of the Lhasa Plateau Biology Research Institute. Nine indexes related to cold tolerance at the seedling stage, including growth and physiological factors, and 23 indexes related to plant traits, fruit traits, and yield at the adult stage were evaluated. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were applied for comprehensive evaluation, and clustering analysis was used for classification. An adaptive evaluation system for cucumber varieties in plateau conditions was established. [Results] Following a 4°C low-temperature treatment, most North China type cucumber varieties exhibited moderate cold tolerance at the seedling stage, with comprehensive scores ranging from 0.15 to 0.43. In contrast, South China type and European greenhouse type cucumber varieties demonstrated stronger cold tolerance, with comprehensive scores of 0.76 and 0.61 for C11 and C14, respectively. In the adaptability trial at the adult stage, most North China type varieties had higher yields but weaker adaptability at the adult stage. The European greenhouse type variety C14 displayed excellent flavor, vigorous growth, and strong disease resistance, making it well-suited to the local growing conditions. The South China type variety C11 exhibited the highest soluble sugar content, maximum hardness, and was fully female. Based on cold tolerance at the seedling stage, the varieties were classified into three levels, with C11 and C14 showing strong cold tolerance. Based on adaptability at the adult stage, the varieties were also classified into three levels, with C14 exhibiting the best adaptability. [Conclusions] A comprehensive plateau adaptability evaluation system for cucumber varieties, covering both seedling and adult stages, was established. The European greenhouse type variety C14 and the South China type variety C11, which performed outstandingly in the evaluation, were selected for promotion in plateau regions, thereby facilitating the upgrading of local dominant varieties.

关键词

黄瓜 / 耐冷性 / 适应性 / 主成分分析 / 隶属函数分析 / 聚类分析

Key words

cucumber / cold tolerance / adaptability / principal component analysis / membership function analysis / clustering analysis

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基金资助

拉萨市重点科技计划项目(LSKJ202429)

扬州市重点研发专项(YZ2022042)