地下滴灌玉米根系分布与吸水对灌水量的响应研究

Studies on root distribution and water uptake in subsurface drip-irrigated corn in response to irrigation water volume

摘要

[目的]本文旨在探究地下滴灌玉米农田土壤水分运移规律和玉米根系分布与吸水对灌水量的响应规律。[方法]根据北疆玉米需水量(ET_c)设置5个地下滴灌灌溉水平:50%ET_c(W1)、75%ET_c(W2)、100%ET_c(W3)、125%ET_c(W4)、150%ET_c(W5),利用Hydrus-2d软件对土壤水分及根系吸水进行模拟研究,分析不同灌水量下玉米农田土壤水分运移情况与玉米根系分布情况。[结果]随灌水量的增加,玉米根长密度与根表面积密度整体呈先增加后降低的趋势,且多在W3处理达到最大值,土壤含水量逐渐升高,全生育期W1至W5处理平均土壤含水量分别为12.5%、16.4%、18.9%、21.1%和23.0%。各土层根系吸水速率逐步上升,W1-W5处理玉米根系吸水速率分别为0.30、0.33、0.39、0.40和0.40cm·d^-1。[结论]Hydrus-2d模型模拟值与实测值的R²>0.86,RMSE为0.01~0.07,能够有效模拟北疆地区地下滴灌玉米农田水分运移情况,100%ET_c灌水处理最适宜玉米根长与根表面积的增加,玉米根系吸水速率与灌水量呈正相关关系,且玉米产量在100%ET_c处理时达到最高,为17882.15kg·hm^-2。

Abstract

[Objectives] The paper aimed to investigate the soil moisture transport pattern of subsurface drip irrigated maize farmland and the response pattern of maize root distribution and water uptake to irrigation water quantity. [Methods] Five levels of subsurface drip irrigation were set up according to the evapotranspiration of corn (ET_c) in the northern border: 50% ET_c (W1), 75% ET_c (W2), 100% ET_c (W3), 125% ET_c (W4) and 150% ET_c (W5), and Hydrus-2d software was used to simulate soil moisture and root water absorption, and analyze soil moisture transport and root distribution in corn farmland under different irrigation water levels. The soil moisture transport and corn root distribution in corn farmland were analyzed under different irrigation amounts. [Results] With the increase of irrigation water, the overall trend of maize root length density and root surface area density was first increasing and then decreasing, and mostly reached the maximum value in W3. The soil water content gradually increased, and the average soil water content of the whole life span W1-W5 was 12.5%, 16.4%, 18.9%, 21.1% and 23.0%, respectively. The root water uptake of each soil layer increased gradually, and the rate of root water uptake was 0.30, 0.33, 0.39, 0.40 and 0.40 cm·d^-1, respectively. [Conclusions] The R² between the simulated and measured values of the Hydrus-2d model reached more than 0.86, and the RMSE ranged from 0.01 to 0.07, which was able to simulate effectively the water transport situation of sub-surface drip-irrigated maize farmland in the Northern Xinjiang region, and the 100% ET_c irrigation treatment was the most suitable for the increase of root length and root surface area, and the proper treatment was the most suitable for the increase of root length and root surface area of maize. The 100% ET_c irrigation treatment was the most suitable for the increase of root length and root surface area, the rate of root water uptake was positively correlated with the irrigation water amount, and the maize yield reached the highest of 17882.15 kg·hm^-2 at 100% ET_c.

关键词

玉米 / 地下滴灌 / 灌水量 / Hydrus-2d模型 / 根系 / 吸水

Key words

maize / subsurface drip irrigation / irrigation water volume / Hydrus-2d model / root / water uptake

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基金资助

“天山英才”培养计划“三农”骨干人才项目()

新疆维吾尔自治区“十四五”重大专项项目(2020A01003-4)