盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对杜梨幼苗生长和根系特性的影响

Effects of salt and drought stress on the growth and root characteristics of Pyrus betulaefolia seedlings

摘要

[目的]本研究旨在探讨不同程度盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对杜梨幼苗生长指标及根系特性的影响,为果树耐盐、抗旱性研究和品种改良提供理论依据。[方法]以杜梨幼苗为试材,分别采用 NaCl 溶液(浓度分别为 0、3、6 和 12g·L^-1,记为 CK、S1、S2 和 S3)和 PEG-6000 溶液(浓度分别为 0、50、100 和 200g·L^-1,记为 CK、D1、D2 和 D3)模拟盐胁迫与干旱胁迫,测定幼苗的地上部形态、叶绿素含量、根冠比、根系活力和根系构型等生长和生理指标。[结果]随着盐胁迫程度的加深,幼苗的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积和根系数量均呈下降趋势,而根冠比则呈先降低后升高的趋势。其中,与对照组(CK)相比,S3处理幼苗根系活力降低 81.0%,叶绿素含量减少 23.6%,株高缩短 57.3%,均差异显著;根系长度、表面积、体积和根系数量分别降低 80.0%、78.8%、73.8%和 72.5%,均差异显著。在干旱胁迫处理中,随着胁迫程度的加重,幼苗的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积和根系数量均受到显著抑制,而根冠比呈先升高后降低的趋势。其中,D1处理虽然促进了根系伸长生长,但抑制了根系平均直径的增加;与 CK 相比,D3处理幼苗根系活力降低 67.3%,叶绿素含量减少 30.6%,株高缩短 53.3%,均差异显著;幼苗根系长度、表面积、体积和根系数量分别降低 41.78%、43.97%、70.08%和 45.51%,均差异显著。[结论]杜梨幼苗通过动态调节根冠比和根系构型响应非生物胁迫,其耐盐阈值为 6g·L^-1 NaCl(S2 处理),抗旱阈值为 100g·L^-1 PEG-6000(D2 处理)。当各胁迫强度超过其阈值时,幼苗的生长及生理指标均显著下降。

Abstract

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying degrees of salt stress and drought stress on the growth parameters and root system characteristics ofPyrus betulaefolia seedlings, providing a theoretical foundation for research on stress tolerance and cultivar improvement in fruit trees. [Methods]P. betulaefolia seedlings were used as the experimental material. Salt stress was simulated using NaCl solutions at concentrations of 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·L^-1(labeled as CK, S1, S2 and S3, respectively), and drought stress was achieved using PEG-6000 solutions at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 g·L^-1 (labeled as CK, D1, D2 and D3, respectively). The growth and physiological parameters were measured, including aboveground morphology, chlorophyll content, root/shoot ratio, root activity and root system architecture. [Results]With increasing salt stress, the seedlings exhibited a notable decline in root length, root surface area, root volume and root number, while the root/shoot ratio initially decreased and then increased. Compared to the control (CK), root activity of the seedlings in S3 treatment prominently decreased by 81.0%, chlorophyll content remarkably reduced by 23.6%, and plant height dominantly shortened by 57.3%; root length, surface area, volume and root numbers significantly decreased by 80.0%, 78.8%, 73.8% and 72.5%, respectively. Under drought stress, as stress severity increased, root length, surface area, volume and root number were significantly inhibited, while the root/shoot ratio initially increased and then decreased. Specifically, root elongation growth in D1 treatment was promoted, but the increase of the average root diameter was suppressed. Compared to CK, root activity of the seedlings in D3 treatment prominently decreased by 67.3%, chlorophyll content remarkably reduced by 30.6%, and plant height dominantly shortened by 53.3%; root length, surface area, volume and root number of seedlings significantly decreased by 41.78%, 43.97%, 70.08% and 45.51%, respectively. [Conclusions]P. betulaefolia seedlings responded to abiotic stress by dynamically adjusting their root/shoot ratio and root system architecture. The salt tolerance threshold was identified as 6 g·L^-1 NaCl (S2 treatment), and the drought tolerance threshold as 100 g·L^-1 PEG-6000 (D2 treatment). Beyond these thresholds, seedling growth and physiological indices were significantly declined.

关键词

盐胁迫 / 干旱胁迫 / 杜梨 / 根系构型 / 根系活力

Key words

salt stress / drought stress / Pyrus betulaefolia / root architecture / root activity

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基金资助

江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(22)3050)

中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M721654)