微酸性电解水对梨果生炭疽菌的杀菌机制和防控效果研究

Antifungal mechanism and control effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on Colletotrichum fructicola causing pear anthracnose

摘要

[目的]本研究旨在鉴定梨炭疽病的主要致病菌，并探讨微酸性电解水(slightly acidic electrolyzed water, SAEW)对果生炭疽菌抑制机制及其对梨果实采后炭疽病的防控效果。[方法]采用组织分离法、形态学及分子生物学方法鉴定梨炭疽病病原菌，在此基础上，采用不同浓度的 SAEW 处理菌丝和孢子，进一步探讨其杀菌作用机制。[结果]通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定明确了导致梨果病害的致病菌为果生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum fructicola TJ-21)。SAEW 对果生炭疽菌具有显著抑制作用，且其抑制效果与有效氯浓度呈正相关。150mg·L^-1 SAEW 处理 5min 可完全抑制菌丝生长，200mg·L^-1 SAEW 处理 5min 显著降低孢子萌发率，破坏细胞膜通透性，导致细胞内容物外泄。此外，SAEW 对梨炭疽病的防控效果显著，200mg·L^-1 SAEW 处理 5min 能显著抑制病斑扩展。[结论]果生炭疽菌是引发梨炭疽病的主要致病菌之一。SAEW 作为一种新型绿色杀菌剂，通过延缓果生炭疽菌的生长、提高细胞膜通透性并破坏细胞膜，发挥其杀菌作用。

Abstract

[Objectives] This study aimed to identify the main pathogen of pear anthracnose and explore the inhibitory mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on Colletotrichum fructicola and its control effect on postharvest pear fruit anthracnose. [Methods] Tissue isolation, morphology and molecular biology methods were used to identify the pathogenic bacteria of pear anthracnose. Based on this, the mycelium and spores were treated with SAEW at different concentrations to further investigate its antifungal mechanism. [Results] Through morphology and molecular biology, the main pathogen of pear anthracnose was identified as C. fructicola TJ-21. SAEW exhibited significant inhibitory effects on C. fructicola TJ-21, with its efficacy positively correlated with the effective chlorine concentration. The treatment with 150mg·L^-1 SAEW for 5min completely inhibited mycelial growth, while the treatment with 200mg·L^-1 SAEW for 5min significantly reduced spore germination rate, disrupted the cell membrane permeability, and caused leakage of cell contents. Furthermore, SAEW showed significant control effects on pear anthracnose, with 200mg·L^-1 SAEW treatment for 5min significantly inhibiting the expansion of disease lesions. [Conclusions] C. fructicola was one of the major pathogens causing pear anthracnose. SAEW, as a novel green fungicide, exerted its antimicrobial effect by inhibiting the growth of C. fructicola, increasing cell membrane permeability, and disrupting the cell membrane.

关键词

梨 / 梨炭疽病 / 果生炭疽菌 / 微酸性电解水 / 杀菌机制 / 防控效果

Key words

pear / pear anthracnose / Colletotrichum fructicola / slightly acidic electrolyzed water / antifungal mechanism / control effect

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2100601)

江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20221434)