果园风送喷雾雾量垂直分布信息检测系统设计与试验

Vertical distribution information detection system for orchard airborne spray volume design and testing

摘要

[目的]果园风送喷雾机的雾量空间分布特征是影响喷施质量的重要因素之一。目前国内的雾量垂直分布检测设备难以在田间真实环境中进行检测，导致田间原位数据获取困难，果园风送喷雾机喷雾性能的精准评估与优化工作面临挑战。本文设计了一种果园风送喷雾雾量垂直分布信息检测系统，实现收集单元的模块化和测量系统的集成化，提高设备田间快速部署能力。[方法]检测系统通过 16 个收集单元截取 0.7~4.4m 高度内的雾量，并基于称重传感器实现数据自动化检测、存储，同时开展收集单元、系统性能试验，探明检测系统的检测适用距离。[结果]检测系统的各个收集单元之间收集的数据分布较为集中，变异系数小于 8%，但当收集量小于 10g 时，变异系数会增至 12%~20%。无风送作业条件下，圆盘式和塔式风送喷雾机的检测适用距离分别为 1.5~3.5m 和 2.5~3.5m；风送条件下，2 种喷雾机的检测适用距离均为 1.5~4.0m。[结论]本检测系统可以准确、快速地获得喷雾机的雾量垂直分布信息，检测过程实现自动化并具备一定便携性。

Abstract

[Objectives]The spatial distribution characteristics of the spray volume of the orchard air sprayer is one of the important factors affecting the spraying quality. Currently, domestic spray volume vertical distribution detection equipment is difficult to operate in the real field environment, resulting in difficulties in acquiring in situ data in the field, and the precise assessment and optimisation of the spraying performance of orchard airborne sprayers are facing challenges. This paper presents the design of a vertical distribution information detection system for orchard airborne spraying, which realises the modularity of the collection unit and the integration of the measurement system, and improves the ability of the equipment to be rapidly deployed in the field. [Methods]The detection system intercepted the spray volume in the height range of 0.7-4.4m through 16 spray collection units, and realised automated data detection and storage based on load cells. Performance tests of the collection units and the system were carried out to find out the detection distance of the detection system. [Results] The distribution of data collected between the various collection units of this detection system was more concentrated, and the coefficient of variation was less than 8%, but the coefficient of variation increased to 12%-20% when the collection volume was less than 10g. In the case of operation without wind-feeding conditions, the applicable detection distances for disc-type and tower-type wind-feeding sprayers were 1.5-3.5m and 2.5-3.5m, respectively; in the case of wind-feeding conditions, the applicable detection distances for both types of sprayers were 1.5-4.0m. [Conclusions] The detection system could accurately and quickly obtain the vertical distribution information of the mist volume of the sprayer, and the detection process was automated and had a certain degree of portability.

关键词

雾量分布 / 植保喷雾机 / 检测系统 / 果园施药

Key words

spray distribution / plant protection sprayers / detection systems / orchard application

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32171905)

南京市现代农机装备与技术创新示范项目(NJ〔2024〕07)