不同盐碱水平对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

Effects of different levels of saline-alkali on the growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings

摘要

[目的]本文旨在探讨不同水平盐碱处理对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,为黄瓜耐盐碱栽培提供参考依据。[方法]以当地主栽品种‘博耐526’为试验材料,将NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃按照浓度比1∶9∶1∶9配制成25(T1)、50(T2)、75(T3)、100(T4)、125(T5)、150(T6)、175(T7)、200(T8)mmol·L^-1共8个浓度梯度的混合盐碱溶液,以清水(CK)为对照,对黄瓜幼苗进行定量处理。分别在处理5、10、15d测定生长指标,在处理7d测定叶绿素含量、光合参数、根系活力、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标,并利用主成分分析法对黄瓜幼苗在盐碱胁迫下的评价指标进行分析。[结果]在盐碱处理5和10d,黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数明显受到抑制,15d时各处理指标比对照显著下降,其中T8处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数下降最显著,分别比对照显著降低85.68%、56.54%、66.94%、53.52%。T1-T3低浓度盐碱处理下,黄瓜幼苗叶片干重、叶片鲜重、根长、根尖数、蒸腾速率、净光合速率和叶片K⁺含量比对照显著减少,分别是对照的15.35%~32.53%、7.04%~16.90%、14.25%~32.50%、17.88%~26.85%、6.68%~46.30%、15.76%~36.15%和7.80%~19.79%;但T4-T8高浓度盐碱处理下,幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶片Mg²⁺含量增加至对照的13.84%~25.42%、1.63%~39.74%、1.41%~15.47%和3.75%~8.83%。主成分分析结果显示,株高、茎粗、干重、鲜重、根尖数、蒸腾速率、净光合速率以及叶片K⁺含量等可作为T1-T3低浓度盐碱处理下的植株生长状况评价指标;总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶片Mg²⁺含量等指标可以作为T4-T8等高浓度盐碱处理下的植株生长状况评价指标。[结论]低浓度盐碱处理下的评价指标为株高、茎粗、干重、鲜重、根尖数、蒸腾速率、净光合速率以及叶片K⁺含量;高浓度盐碱处理下的评价指标为总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶片Mg²⁺含量。

Abstract

[Objectives] The paper aimed to explore the effects of different levels of saline-alkali treatment on the growth and physiology characteristics of cucumber seedlings, in order to lay the foundation for saline-alkali tolerant cultivation of cucumber. [Methods] The saline-alkali mixtures of 25 (T1), 50 (T2), 75 (T3), 100 (T4), 125 (T5), 150 (T6), 175 (T7) and 200 (T8) mmol·L^-1 separately were prepared using NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ according to 1:9:1:9 concentration ratio, and the clear water (CK) was as the control. The seedlings of cucumber were quantitatively treated. The indexes of seedling growth were measured at 5, 10 and 15 d after treatment, and physiological indexes including of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, root activity and antioxidant were measured at 7 d after treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the indexes of cucumber seedlings under saline-alkali stress. [Results] The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf number of cucumber seedlings were significantly inhibited at 5 and 10 d after saline-alkali treatment, and the indexes decreased significantly at 15 d compared with those of the control, and the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf number of T8 treatment decreased the most significantly, which were significantly reduced by 85.68%, 56.54%, 66.94% and 53.52%, respectively, compared with the control. The leaf dry weight, leaf fresh weight, root length, root tip number, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and leaf K⁺ content significantly decreased compared with those of the control under the lower concentrations saline-alkali treatments such as T1-T3, which were 15.35%-32.53%, 7.04%-16.90%, 14.25%-32.50%, 17.88%-26.85%, 6.68%-46.30%, 15.76%-36.15% and 7.80%-19.79%, respectively. However, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and leaf Mg²⁺ increased under the higher concentration saline-alkali treatments such as T4-T8, which increased by 13.84%-25.42%, 1.63%-39.74%, 1.41%-15.47% and 3.75%-8.83% of the control. The principal component analysis showed that plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight, root tip number, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and leaf K⁺ content could be used as evaluation indicators for plant growth under T1-T3 low concentration salinity-alkali treatments. Total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf Mg²⁺ content and other indexes could be used as evaluation indicators for high saline-alkali concentration treatments such as T4-T8. [Conclusions] The indexes which were plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, fresh weight, root tip number, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate and leaf K⁺ content could be used as the evaluation ones at the lower saline-alkali concentration treatments, and the total chlorophyll, carotenoids and leaf Mg²⁺ content could be used as the evaluation ones at the higher saline-alkali concentration treatment.

关键词

盐碱胁迫 / 黄瓜 / 幼苗 / 生长指标 / 生理特性 / 评价指标

Key words

saline-alkali stress / cucumber / seedlings / growth indicators / physiological characteristics / evaluation indicators

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0206900)