海门山羊生长性状相关分子标记开发及应用

Development and application of molecular markers for growth traits in Haimen goats

摘要

[目的]本研究旨在筛选与海门山羊生长性状紧密相关的分子标记，包括单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和插入缺失突变(InDel)，深入分析这些分子标记与生长性状之间的关联，明确其对海门山羊生长发育的影响，为建立山羊精准基因标记辅助选择方法奠定基础。[方法]以海门山羊为对象，通过对已有海门山羊的全基因组测序结果进行深入挖掘和分析，利用PCR进行基因分型鉴定，筛选出与生长性状(体重、体长、体高、胸围、胸深、胸宽)相关的分子标记，并深入分析候选位点不同基因型与海门山羊生长性状之间的关联，确定对生长性状有显著影响的分子标记。[结果]MGAM(麦芽糖酶-葡糖淀粉酶)、PPP1R13B(蛋白磷酸酶1调节亚基13B)和SMAD9(SMAD家族成员9)3个基因的5个位点对海门山羊的生长发育具有显著影响。MGAM基因:12bp InDel的位点在断奶阶段携带ID型海门山羊的胸深和胸宽显著高于DD型。在6月龄阶段，携带ID基因型的海门山羊在体重、体高、胸围和胸深上显著高于DD基因型的海门山羊;而携带38bp InDel的DD基因型个体在6月龄阶段时体重和体高显著高于ID和II基因型个体。此外，在6月龄阶段，携带MGAM g.15143541T>C的CT基因型个体的体重和体长显著高于CC和TT基因型个体。PPP1R13B基因:在断奶阶段，携带58bp InDel的ID杂合基因型个体的体长、体高和胸深显著高于DD和II纯合基因型个体。SMAD9基因:在断奶阶段，携带16bp InDel的II纯合基因型个体的胸宽显著高于DD和ID基因型个体。[结论]确定了MGAM、PPP1R13B和SMAD9基因的5个位点，这些位点在海门山羊生长发育过程中具有重要作用。

Abstract

[Objectives] This study aimed to identify molecular markers closely associated with growth traits in Haimen goats, including SNPs and InDels. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the relationships between these molecular markers and growth traits, the study sought to elucidate their impact on the growth and development of Haimen goats. The findings will provide a foundation for establishing precise marker-assisted selection methods in goat breeding. [Methods] This study focused on Haimen goats, leveraging in-depth mining and analysis of existing whole-genome sequencing data to identify molecular markers linked to growth traits (body weight, body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth and chest width). PCR-based genotyping was used to screen for relevant markers. Additionally, the study analyzed the association between different genotypes at candidate loci and the growth traits of Haimen goats, aiming to identify molecular markers with significant effects on these traits. [Results] Five loci within the MGAM (maltase-glucoamylase), PPP1R13B (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 13B), and SMAD9 (SMAD family member 9) genes had been identified to significantly influence the growth and development of Haimen goats. For the MGAM gene: at the weaning stage, individuals carrying the ID genotype of the 12 bp InDel exhibited significantly greater chest depth and chest width compared to those with the DD genotype. At the six-months stage, Haimen goats with the ID genotype showed significantly higher body weight, body height, chest circumference, and chest depth than those with the DD genotype. Conversely, individuals with the DD genotype of the 38 bp InDel displayed significantly greater body weight and body height at the six-months stage compared to those with the ID and II genotypes. Additionally, at the six-months stage, individuals carrying the CT genotype of MGAM g. 15143541T> C demonstrated significantly higher body weight and body length than those with the CC and TT genotypes. For the PPP1R13B gene: at the weaning stage, individuals with the ID heterozygous genotype of the 58 bp InDel exhibited significantly greater body length, body height, and chest depth compared to those with the DD and II homozygous genotypes. For the SMAD9 gene: at the weaning stage, individuals with the II homozygous genotype of the 16 bp InDel showed significantly greater chest width than those with the DD and ID genotypes. [Conclusions] The five loci identified in the MGAM, PPP1R13B, and SMAD9 genes which play a significant role in the growth and development of Haimen goats.

关键词

海门山羊 / 分子标记 / 生长性状 / MGAM / PPP1R13B / SMAD9

Key words

Haimen goat / molecular marker / growth traits / MGAM / PPP1R13B / SMAD9

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300202)

海南省自然科学基金项目(326MS0227)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYLH2026002)