饲养密度对叠层笼养黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of stocking density on the growth performance, slaughter characteristics, and antioxidant capacity of caged yellow-feathered broilers

摘要

[目的]本试验旨在探究不同饲养密度对叠层笼养黄羽肉鸡生长性能、福利指标、屠宰性能及抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]试验选取 28 日龄黄羽肉鸡(土鸡 2 号)公鸡 405 只，随机分为 5 个不同饲养密度组，分别为 M18、M21、M23、M26 和 M29 组，各自对应密度每平方米 18、21、23、26 和 29 只，每组 9 个重复。肉鸡采用 3 层叠式笼饲喂(鸡笼规格 0.70m×0.55m×0.45m)，试验期 35d。[结果]M18 和 M21 组肉鸡在 42 日龄和 63 日龄时体重、平均日采食量和平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)，相比于 M18 和 M21 组，M29 组肉鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增重和出栏体重(63 日龄)显著降低(P<0.05)。M18 组肉鸡的步态评分显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);各组之间的羽毛评分、胸囊肿评分无显著差异(P>0.05)。与 M18、M21 组肉鸡相比，M26 和 M29 组肉鸡的胸肌率显著降低(P<0.05)，各组间的屠宰率、全净膛率、腹脂率和腿肌率均无明显改变(P>0.05)。与 M18、M21 组肉鸡相比，M29 组肉鸡的血清和胸肌中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著下降，丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。与 M18 组肉鸡相比，M29 组肉鸡的胸肌 CAT、GSH-Px、血红素加氧酶 1(HMOX1)、醌氧化还原酶 1(NQO1)mRNA 表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)，M21 组胸肌核因子 E2 相关因子 2(Nrf2)mRNA 的表达水平显著增加(P<0.05)，而各组间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)mRNA 的表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。[结论]黄羽肉公鸡三层叠式笼养饲养密度以每平方米 18~21 只较为适宜，在该笼养密度下，肉鸡行走能力较好，并能保持较优的生长性能、屠宰性能以及抗氧化能力。

Abstract

[Objectives] This experiment aimed to investigate the impact of different stocking densities on the growth performance, welfare index, slaughter characteristics, and antioxidant capacity of caged yellow-feathered broilers. [Methods] The experiment selected 405 28-day-old yellow-feathered broiler roosters (Local Chicken No. 2) and randomly divided them into five groups with different stocking densities: M18, M21, M23, M26, and M29, corresponding to densities of 18, 21, 23, 26, and 29 birds·m^-2, respectively, with nine replicates per group. The broilers were housed in three-tier stacked cages (cage dimensions: 0.70 m × 0.55 m × 0.45 m), and the trial duration was 35 days. [Results] At 42 and 63 days of age, no significant differences were observed in body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), or average daily gain (ADG) between the M18 and M21 groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, the M29 group exhibited significantly lower ADFI, ADG, and final body weight compared to the M18 and M21 groups (P < 0.05). The gait score of the M18 group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in feather score or chest cyst score among the groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the M18 and M21 groups, the breast muscle yield of the M26 and M29 groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in slaughter rate, eviscerated yield, abdominal fat percentage, or leg muscle yield among the groups (P > 0.05). Serum and breast muscle activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the M29 group significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased compared with the M18 and M21 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the M18 group, the mRNA expression levels of CAT, GSH-Px, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the breast muscle of the M29 group significantly decreased, whereas nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression significantly increased in the M21 group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA expression among the groups (P > 0.05). [Conclusions] For three-tier cage-reared yellow-feathered broiler roosters, a stocking density of 18-21 birds per square meter was considered optimal. At this density, the birds had good mobility and maintain superior growth performance, slaughter performance, and antioxidant capacity.

关键词

笼养密度 / 黄羽肉鸡 / 生长性能 / 屠宰性能 / 抗氧化能力

Key words

caged density / yellow-feathered broilers / growth performance / slaughter performance / antioxidant capacity

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1300903)