黄河三角洲盐碱地区中果型西瓜耐盐碱性综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance of medium-sized watermelon in the saline-alkali soil region of the Yellow River Delta

摘要

[目的]本研究旨在筛选适合黄河三角洲盐碱地区种植的中果型西瓜品种，构建综合评价体系，为盐碱地农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]以10个耐盐碱西瓜新品种及对照品种‘麒麟’为试验材料，在山东省滨州市选择中度盐碱地块(pH 8.11，含盐量0.326%)种植，调查并测定各品种西瓜生长、果实品质及产量相关的14个指标，并利用隶属函数法、主成分分析法、聚类分析和回归分析，综合评价各西瓜品种耐盐碱能力。[结果]西瓜2120长势最佳，西瓜2107叶片SPAD值、果实中心和边部可溶性固形物含量均最高(68.20、12.57%和11.70%)，西瓜2116感官品质得分排名第1。隶属函数综合评价值表明2120(0.644)、2107(0.634)和2116(0.599)均优于对照品种‘麒麟’(0.588)。主成分分析提取4个主成分(累积方差解释率78.277%)，分别主要关联生长产量、果实品质、果皮性状和开花坐果，2107(1.434)、2120(1.300)和2116(0.619)综合得分均高于‘麒麟’(0.444)。聚类分析将西瓜2112、2114、2116、2107、2120、2113和‘麒麟’归为第Ⅰ类，综合表现优异。利用回归分析建立评价模型，并能够较好地预测不同西瓜品种在黄河三角洲盐碱地区耐盐碱性综合表现。[结论]本研究筛选出耐盐碱优质西瓜品种2107、2116和2120，其兼具高产和优品特性，全生育周期、SPAD值、边部可溶性固形物含量、产量和纵径可以作为耐盐碱西瓜品种评价重要依据。

Abstract

[Objectives] This study aimed to screen medium-sized watermelon varieties suitable for cultivation in the saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River Delta and to construct a comprehensive evaluation system, which should provide theoretical and technical support for sustainable agricultural development in saline-alkali lands. [Methods] Using 10 new salt-tolerant watermelon varieties and the control variety ‘Qilin’ as experimental materials, plots of moderate saline-alkali soil (pH 8.11, 0.326% salinity) were selected in the city of Binzhou, Shandong Province for planting. Fourteen indicators related to growth, fruit quality, and yield were investigated and measured. The salt-tolerance capacity of each variety was comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and regression analysis. [Results] Watermelon variety 2120 exhibited the best growth vigor. 2107 had the highest value of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) in leaves, the center soluble solid content and the edge soluble solid content of fruit (68.20, 12.57% and 11.70%, respectively), 2116 ranked first in sensory quality score. The membership function comprehensive evaluation values (D-values) of 2120 (0.644), 2107 (0.634), and 2116 (0.599) were all higher than that of the control ‘Qilin’ (0.588). PCA extracted four principal components (cumulative variance contribution rate 78.277%), which were mainly associated with growth yield, fruit quality, rind characteristics, and flowering and fruit setting, respectively. The comprehensive scores of 2107 (1.434), 2120 (1.300), and 2116 (0.619) were all higher than that of ‘Qilin’ (0.444). Cluster analysis classified the 11 varieties into four categories, with 2112, 2114, 2116, 2107, 2120, 2113 and ‘Qilin’ grouped into the category I, showing excellent comprehensive performance. A comprehensive evaluation model based on regression analysis was established and could effectively predict the salt-alkali tolerance performance of different watermelon varieties in the Yellow River Delta saline-alkali regions. [Conclusions] 2107, 2116 and 2120 were identified as salt-tolerant and high-quality watermelon cultivars, combining high yield and excellent quality traits. The total growth period, SPAD value, edge soluble solid content, yield and length can serve as critical evaluation criteria for salt-tolerant watermelon varieties.

关键词

黄河三角洲 / 盐碱地区 / 西瓜 / 综合评价 / 隶属函数 / 主成分分析

Key words

Yellow River Delta / saline-alkali soil region / watermelon / comprehensive evaluation / membership function / principal component analysis

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基金资助

中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大研究任务:高端蔬菜品种国产化(CAAS-ZDRW202103)