葡萄芽破眠技术与休眠调控机制研究进展

Advances in bud dormancy-breaking techniques and regulatory mechanisms of dormancy in grapevine

摘要

芽休眠是葡萄等多年生果树适应冬季低温等环境变化而演化出的生物学特征，直接关系植株的生长周期、果实品质与最终产量，其调控技术与调控机制研究对葡萄产业的发展具有重要意义。本文系统综述了葡萄芽休眠的概念、分类以及休眠芽发育特点，讨论了影响葡萄芽休眠的环境因素和生理因素，重点总结了近年来常用的葡萄芽休眠调控技术以及内源激素、环境因子等协同作用的葡萄芽休眠调控机制与网络。在此基础上，针对当前葡萄芽休眠调控面临的关键问题与技术瓶颈，展望了下阶段芽休眠调控技术研发与休眠调控机制解析的研究方向，以期为葡萄生产实践与基础研究提供技术参考和理论支持。

Abstract

Bud dormancy is a biological characteristic evolved in grapevines and other perennial fruit trees to adapt to environmental changes such as low winter temperatures. It is directly related to plant growth cycle, fruit quality, and final yield, and studies on its regulation techniques and mechanisms are of great significance to the development of the grape industry. This review systematically summarized the concept, classification, and developmental characteristics of grapevine bud dormancy, discussed the environmental and physiological factors affecting grapevine bud dormancy, and focused on summarizing the commonly used grapevine bud dormancy regulation techniques in recent years, as well as the coordinated regulatory mechanisms and networks of grapevine bud dormancy involving endogenous hormones and environmental factors. On this basis, aiming at the key problems and technical bottlenecks in current grapevine bud dormancy regulation, this review prospectived the research directions of bud dormancy regulation technology development and dormancy regulation mechanism analysis in the next stage, in order to provide technical references and theoretical support for grape production practice and basic research.

关键词

葡萄 / 芽休眠 / 破眠技术 / 调控机制 / 多年生果树 / 调控网络

Key words

grapevine / bud dormancy / dormancy-breaking techniques / regulatory mechanisms / perennial fruit trees / regulatory network

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基金资助

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYLH2025017)

江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20240503)

江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(23)3063)

江苏农林职业技术学院高层次人才科研启动项目(2024rc16)

作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室开放课题项目(SKLCSRHPKF2025012)

宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01001)

江苏省科技副总项目(FZ20240764)

苏州市科技计划项目(SNG2023003)

江苏省高等学校优势学科项目(PAPD)