酵母硒对克氏原螯虾生长性能、抗氧化能力与免疫功能的影响

Effects of yeast selenium addition on growth characteristics, antioxidant capacity and immunity function of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

摘要

[目的]本文旨在探讨酵母硒添加量对克氏原螯虾生长特征及生理代谢酶的影响，为克氏原螯虾健康养殖提供配方成分，以促进克氏原螯虾养殖的绿色高效发展。[方法]在克氏原螯虾饲料中分别设置 0、0.15、0.30、0.45、0.60 mg·kg^-1酵母硒添加量，分析克氏原螯虾生长特征和不同组织抗氧化酶、免疫酶、消化酶活性及不同组织硒含量与不同生理指标的相关性。[结果]与不添加酵母硒相比，0.30 mg·kg^-1酵母硒添加量的克氏原螯虾终末体重、增重率和特定生长率分别显著提高了 78.88%、97.34%和 35.29%，但饲料系数下降 33.82%，克氏原螯虾产量提高 100.37%。随着酵母硒添加量增加，克氏原螯虾肝胰腺和血淋巴总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现出先升高再下降的趋势，以 0.30 mg·kg^-1酵母硒添加量处理活性最大；丙二醛(MDA)含量变化则相反。酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性与抗氧化酶活性变化相似，肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性和酸性、碱性磷酸酶活性以及消化酶的胰蛋白酶(TRY)、淀粉酶(AMS)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性分别高于血淋巴和肠道相应酶的活性。克氏原螯虾不同组织硒含量从高到低依次为肝胰腺、整虾、肌肉、血淋巴，并随着酵母硒剂量的增加而增加；不同组织以肝胰腺 T-AOC 和 GSH-Px、CAT、ACP、AKP、TRY、AMS 活性指标与产量之间相关性高于血淋巴、肠道。[结论]适量添加酵母硒能促进克氏原螯虾的生长，提高其抗氧化、免疫和消化酶活性，0.30 mg·kg^-1酵母硒添加量对克氏原螯虾生长和生理代谢最为适宜；从抗氧化力、免疫和消化酶活性与产量相关性表明克氏原螯虾养殖过程中保护肝胰腺最为关键。

Abstract

[Objectives] The paper aimed to investigate the effect of yeast selenium addition on the growth characteristics and some physiological metabolic enzyme activities of crayfish, so as to provide feed formula for green and healthy breeding of crayfish. [Methods] The growth characteristics, the enzyme activities of antioxidant, immune and digestive, selenium content in different tissues, and the relationship between different physiological indicators were analyzed by supplementing feed with different doses (0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 mg·kg^-1) of yeast selenium addition. [Results] Compared with no yeast selenium addition, the final weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of crayfish were 0.30 mg·kg^-1 yeast selenium addition significantly increased by 78.88%, 97.34% and 35.29%, respectively. Meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio decreased by 33.82%, and yield increased by 100.37%. With the increase of yeast selenium addition, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with peak activities observed in the 0.30 mg·kg^-1 yeast selenium addition; the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed an opposite trend. The changes in the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) were similar to those of antioxidant enzymes. The activities of antioxidant, phosphatase, and digestive enzymes of trypsin (TRY), amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) in the hepatopancreas were higher than those in the corresponding hemolymph and intestine respectively. The selenium content in different tissues followed the order of hepatopancreas, whole crayfish, muscle, hemolymph, and increased with rising levels of yeast selenium addition. The correlation between T-AOC, the activities of GSH-Px, CAT, ACP, AKP, TRY, AMS, and yield in different tissues were higher in the hepatopancreas than in the hemolymph or intestine. [Conclusions] Appropriate yeast selenium addition promoted the growth and antioxidant, immune and digestive enzyme activities of crayfish, thereby increasing the final weight. Excessive yeast selenium addition inhibited the growth and physiological metabolic capacity. The yeast selenium addition of 0.30 mg·kg^-1 was the most suitable for the growth and physiological metabolism of crayfish. The correlation between antioxidant capacity, immune and digestive enzyme activities and yield showed that it was most critical to protect the hepatopancreas during crayfish breeding.

关键词

克氏原螯虾 / 酵母硒 / 生长性能 / 免疫功能 / 抗氧化酶 / 消化酶 / 组织硒

Key words

crayfish / yeast selenium / growth characteristics / immune function / antioxidant enzyme / digestive enzyme / selenium in tissues

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基金资助

国家外国专家计划项目(H20250586)

2025 安徽 1+5 农业科技创新计划项目()

江苏省大学生创新创业计划项目(S202510307323X)

2024 天长科技成果转化项目()