微生物组学驱动的中药发酵精准调控研究进展

Advances in microbiome-driven precision regulation of traditional Chinese medicine fermentation

摘要

中药发酵是传统炮制的重要技术，其“增效减毒”特征与微生物群落和药材基质的动态互作密切相关。本文系统综述了微生物组学驱动的中药发酵精准调控研究进展，围绕“核心菌群-酶促网络-动态互作”机制链条，梳理了六神曲、人参等典型体系中功能微生物识别、关键通路定位、品质标志物关联及工艺优化的应用进展。进一步归纳了当前研究在数据整合、因果验证和工程转化方面的主要瓶颈，并提出以合成生物学构建人工功能菌群、以人工智能实现预测性优化的技术路径，为建立“可预测、可复制、可放大”的中药发酵生产体系提供参考。

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fermentation was an important technique in classical processing, its efficacy-enhancing and toxicity-reducing effects were closely associated with the dynamic interactions between microbial communities and medicinal substrates. This review systematically summarized the research progress in microbiome-driven precision regulation of TCM fermentation. Focusing on the mechanistic chain of core microbiota, enzymatic networks, and dynamic interactions, it reviewed representative systems such as Liushenqu and Panax ginseng and summarized recent applications in functional microorganism identification, key pathway localization, quality-marker association, and process optimization. It further analyzed current bottlenecks in data integration, causal validation, and engineering translation, and proposed technical routes involving synthetic biology for the construction of artificial functional consortia and artificial intelligence for predictive optimization. The review provided a reference for establishing predictable, reproducible, and scalable fermentation systems for TCM.

关键词

中药发酵 / 微生物组学 / 精准调控 / 核心菌群 / 多组学整合 / 合成生物学

Key words

traditional Chinese medicine fermentation / microbiomics / precision regulation / core microbial community / multi-omics integration / synthetic biology

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基金资助

国家现代农业产业技术体系四川道地中药材创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2026-19)

四川省“天府万人计划”资助资金(创新领军)(2020WRCXLJ)

四川省省级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2026JDKY0028)

国家自然科学基金项目(42407170)