细胞培养肉支架技术:从生物材料到规模化培养的前沿进展与挑战

Cultured meat scaffold technology: cutting-edge advances and challenges from biomaterials to large-scale cultivation

摘要

细胞培养肉是解决全球粮食安全与环境压力的战略性食品科技创新。然而，成本高昂与质构模拟困难仍制约其产业化。本文系统综述了支架生物材料的最新研究进展，包括多糖类、蛋白质类(动物源、微生物/真菌源、植物源)、合成聚合物及自组装肽等材料的特性、应用现状与面临挑战;梳理了多孔支架、脱细胞支架、纤维支架及水凝胶支架等主流支架制备策略的技术特点与应用场景;探讨了支架整合悬浮培养系统在规模化生产中的挑战。最后展望了“智能支架”与“智能生物反应器”深度耦合的智能化发展趋势，以及人工智能技术在支架优化、培养过程调控中的应用价值。本综述为培养肉生产领域的研究人员和企业提供了有价值的见解。

Abstract

Cultured meat represents a strategic food technology innovation to address global food security and environmental pressures. However, its industrialization is still constrained by high production costs and difficulties in texture simulation. This paper systematically reviews the latest research advances in scaffold biomaterials, including the characteristics, application status and challenges of polysaccharides, proteins (animal-derived, microbial/fungal-derived, plant-derived), synthetic polymers and self-assembling peptides. It summarizes the technical features and application scenarios of mainstream scaffold fabrication strategies such as porous scaffolds, decellularized scaffolds, fibrous scaffolds and hydrogels. The challenges of integrating scaffolds with suspension culture systems for large-scale production are also discussed. Finally, the intelligent development trend of the deep coupling of “smart scaffolds” and “smart bioreactors” is prospected, as well as the application value of artificial intelligence in scaffold optimization and culture process regulation. This review provides valuable insights for researchers and enterprises in the field of cultured meat production.

关键词

细胞培养肉 / 生物材料 / 三维支架 / 生物反应器 / 智能支架

Key words

cultured meat / biomaterials / three-dimensional scaffolds / bioreactors / smart scaffold

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基金资助

陕西省重点研发计划项目-重点产业创新链(2024NC-ZDCYL-04-20)

陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC2-GJHX-26)

广西科技计划项目-“协同”行动计划(2025XTXT04012)