稻田砷的生物地球化学循环、效应与调控

Arsenic in paddy soil: biogeochemical cycles, impacts and mitigation strategies

摘要

砷是一种有毒的类金属元素，稻田砷超标会导致稻米砷超标，威胁人体健康。水稻过量积累二甲基砷(dimethylated arsenic，DMAs，包含五价态 DMAs(Ⅴ)和三价态 DMAs(Ⅲ))可诱发生理病害“直穗病”，导致水稻减产。水稻中积累的砷来源于稻田土壤，因此，探究稻田土壤中砷的活化及转化过程至关重要。本文系统揭示了稻田土壤中微生物驱动的砷释放及其形态转化过程与机制，阐述了稻田砷生物地球化学循环引发的效应，综述了当前稻田砷污染修复及直穗病防控技术的研究进展，旨在深化对稻田砷生物地球化学循环的理论认知，为保障稻米安全生产提供科学依据。

Abstract

Arsenic, a toxic metalloid, contaminates in paddy soils and can elevate arsenic levels in rice grains, threatening human health. Excessive accumulation of dimethylated arsenic (DMA, encompassing both pentavalent DMAs (Ⅴ) and trivalent DMAs(Ⅲ) species) in rice can trigger a physiological disorder termed straight head disease, culminating in substantial yield penalties. Given that grain arsenic burden is ultimately dictated by soil-derived inputs, elucidating the mechanisms underpinning arsenic mobilization and speciation transformation within paddy soils constitutes a research imperative. This review systematically delineates the microbially mediated pathways governing arsenic release and redox/methylation transformations in paddy soils, expounds on the ecological and agronomic ramifications precipitated by arsenic biogeochemical cycling within paddy ecosystems, and synthesizes recent advances in remediation strategies for arsenic-contaminated paddy soils alongside mitigation approaches for straight head disease. Collectively, this work seeks to consolidate the theoretical framework of paddy-soil arsenic biogeochemistry and furnish a scientific underpinning for safeguarding rice grain safety.

关键词

砷 / 生物地球化学循环 / 稻田 / 直穗病 / 水稻 / 重金属污染修复

Key words

arsenic / biogeochemical cycle / paddy soils / straight head disease / rice / heavy metal contamination remediation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42377014, W2411035)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KJYQ2026025)