观赏植物基因编辑育种研究进展

Advances in gene editing-mediated breeding of ornamental plants

摘要

花卉产业的持续发展对观赏植物新品种的培育提出了更高的要求，亟须高效、精准的育种技术。传统育种方法受限于育种周期长、效率低及目标性状难以精准聚合等瓶颈，难以满足现代市场需求。近年来，以 CRISPR/Cas 为代表的基因编辑技术为观赏植物分子育种提供了精准调控的可能。本文系统综述了基因编辑技术在调控观赏植物花型、花色、花期及瓶插寿命等关键园艺性状方面的研究进展。尽管受限于复杂的基因组背景、较低的遗传转化效率及分子资源匮乏等因素，基因编辑技术在观赏植物育种中的应用仍处于起步阶段，但随着基因组数据的积累与编辑系统的优化，已在多个性状改良上取得突破。本文在总结技术瓶颈与最新研究进展的基础上，借鉴基因编辑技术在主要农作物中的演进规律，对观赏植物基因编辑育种研究未来发展趋势进行了展望，以期为观赏植物的分子设计育种提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract

The sustainable development of the ornamental plant industry has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on the breeding of new varieties, necessitating the advancement of efficient and precise breeding technologies. Conventional breeding approaches are constrained by long breeding cycles, low efficiency, and difficulties in accurately pyramiding target traits, rendering them insufficient to meet modern market demands. In recent years, gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas, have provided new opportunities for precise genetic manipulation in ornamental plant molecular breeding. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the application of gene editing technologies for regulating key horticultural traits in ornamental plants, including flower morphology, coloration, flowering time, and vase life. Although the application of gene editing technologies in ornamental plant breeding remains at an early stage due to constraints such as complex genomic backgrounds, low genetic transformation efficiency, and scarce molecular resources, breakthroughs have already been achieved in the improvement of multiple traits with the accumulation of genomic data and the optimization of editing systems. Building upon a summary of current technical bottlenecks and recent research advances, and drawing insights from the evolutionary trajectories of gene editing technologies in major crops, this paper outlines future development trends of gene editing-mediated breeding of ornamental plants, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the molecular design breeding of ornamental plants.

关键词

观赏植物 / 基因编辑 / CRISPR/Cas9 / 遗传转化 / 园艺性状改良 / 分子设计育种

Key words

ornamental plants / gene editing / CRISPR/Cas9 / genetic transformation / horticultural trait improvement / molecular design breeding

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基金资助

生物育种钟山实验室项目(ZSBBL-KY2025-2)

国家自然科学基金项目(32522095)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(YDZX2026045)

作物遗传与种质创新利用全国重点实验室项目(ZZ202601)