细胞培养肉种子细胞研究进展

Research progress on seed cells for cultured meat

摘要

细胞培养肉是利用可食用动物细胞生产肉类的技术，是新质蛋白研究领域的前沿方向。种子细胞是细胞培养肉产业化的源头材料，其高效获取、规模化扩增、安全性与稳定性决定着生产成本和产品品质。然而，原代种子细胞在长期传代中普遍存在细胞衰老与干性衰退问题，且难以适应无血清悬浮条件，是限制细胞培养肉工业化生产的关键瓶颈。本文综述了种子细胞的来源与分类，梳理了高效分离策略、体外长期扩增、无血清悬浮培养、分化调控与三维组织构建、质量安全评价等环节的研究进展与技术挑战。面向细胞培养肉规模化生产需求，本文明确了种子细胞应满足的质量标准，并提出通过性能优化、工艺提升与质控升级，构建覆盖细胞制备、扩增与评价的系统性技术方案，以期加快我国细胞培养肉产业化进程。

Abstract

Cultured meat is a technology that produces meat using edible animal cells, representing a cutting-edge direction in the field of new quality protein. Seed cells serve as the fundamental starting material for the industrialization of cultured meat, and their efficient isolation, large-scale expansion, safety and stability directly determine production costs and product quality. However, primary seed cells commonly suffer from cellular senescence and stemness decline during long-term passaging, and struggle to adapt to serum-free suspension conditions, which has become the key bottleneck restricting the industrial production of cultured meat. This paper reviewed the sources and classification of seed cells, and summarized the research progress and technical challenges in key aspects including efficient isolation strategies, long-term in vitro expansion, serum-free suspension culture, differentiation regulation, three-dimensional tissue construction, and quality and safety assessment. To meet the demand for large-scale production of cultured meat, this paper defines the quality standards that seed cells should meet, and proposes to construct a systematic technical scheme covering cell preparation, expansion and evaluation through performance optimization, process improvement and quality control upgrading, aiming to accelerate the industrialization process of cultured meat in China.

关键词

细胞培养肉 / 种子细胞 / 长期传代 / 规模化扩增 / 安全评价

Key words

cultured meat / seed cells / long-term passaging / large-scale expansion / safety assessment

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32272468)