微生物肥料研究与应用进展

Research and application progress of microbial fertilizers

摘要

微生物肥料的研究应用随着农业发展转型得以不断壮大，并将在以合成生物学和生物智能制造为代表的新技术赋能下进入新的发展阶段，服务于国家的绿色高质量农业发展。本文在分析微生物肥料研究应用现状与发展瓶颈的基础上，阐述微生物肥料活化养分、促生抗逆、修复改良土壤、构建植物-微生物-土壤功能菌群等的系统性功能机制，明确合成微生物组与菌群互作、逆境下功能表达与效果稳定性和菌株功能代谢物与复合增效的基础性研究重点，以及复合化、多功能化、智能化和应用场景化的微生物肥料新产品研发路径，为创制精准、稳定、高效的新一代微生物肥料产品，并促进其在农业绿色高质量发展中的应用提供技术思路。

Abstract

Research and application of microbial fertilizers have expanded continuously alongside the transformation of agricultural development. Empowered by emerging technologies represented by synthetic biology and intelligent biological manufacturing, microbial fertilizers will enter a new stage of development to support the national strategy of green and high-quality agricultural advancement. Based on an analysis of the current status and developmental bottlenecks in the research and application of microbial fertilizers, this paper systematically elaborates their functional mechanisms, including soil nutrient activation, plant growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement, soil remediation and improvement, and the construction of functional plant-microbe-soil microbiota systems. This study further identifies core priorities for fundamental research: synthetic microbiomes and microbial interspecies interactions, functional expression and efficacy stability under environmental stresses, as well as strain functional metabolites and synergistic effects of compound microbial agents. It also outlines research and development pathways for novel microbial fertilizer products featuring compound formulation, multi-functionality, intelligent production and scenario-specific application. The findings provide technical insights for developing a new generation of precise, stable and high-efficiency microbial fertilizers, and facilitate their wider adoption to advance green and high-quality agricultural development in China.

关键词

微生物肥料 / 技术创新 / 功能机制 / 产业应用 / 绿色高质量发展 / 合成微生物组

Key words

microbial fertilizer / technological innovation / functional mechanism / industrial application / green and high-quality development / synthetic microbiome

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1702200)