土壤 pH 值影响生物有机肥消减连作障碍效果的研究进展

Research progress on the effect of soil pH on the reduction of continuous cropping interference by bio-organic fertilizers

摘要

连作障碍严重制约我国农业可持续发展，生物有机肥虽被视为最具前景的消减技术，但实践中“同肥不同效”问题突出，究其根本原因在于对土壤关键调控因子认知不足。本文系统梳理生物有机肥在酸性、中性及碱性土壤中的差异化效应，提出土壤 pH 值是决定其消减效果的“元调控因子”，并构建了“功能菌定殖-养分形态转化-微生物群落组装”三重网络化机制框架。生物有机肥效果随 pH 值呈“倒 U 型”变化特征:酸性土壤边际效益最高但强酸抑制定殖，中性土壤稳定性最佳但显效空间有限，碱性土壤则从“化学改良”转向“生态重构”的机制转变。本文将 pH 值从背景变量升格为核心调控变量，揭示 pH 值影响肥效的非线性、网络化本质。本文提出以 pH 值为“第一考量指标”的分区精准施用策略，为破解生物有机肥“因土施策”的理论空白和连作障碍绿色防控提供了系统框架与技术方向。

Abstract

Continuous cropping obstacles seriously constrain the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Although bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) is considered the most promising alleviation technology, the widespread phenomenon of “same fertilizer, different efficacy” in practice highlights an insufficient understanding of key soil regulatory factors. This review systematically examines the differentiated effects of BOF in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, and for the first time explicitly proposes that soil pH value serves as the “master regulatory factor” determining the efficacy of BOF in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. We construct a triple network-based mechanistic framework encompassing “functional microbial colonization-nutrient transformation-microbial community assembly”. The results reveal that BOF efficacy exhibits an “inverted U-shaped” distribution along the soil pH gradient: the marginal benefits are highest in acidic soils, but strong acidity suppresses colonization; neutral soils offer the best stability yet limited room for efficacy expression; and in alkaline soils, the mechanistic pathway shifts from “chemical amelioration” to “ecological reconstruction”. The innovation of this review lies in elevating pH from a background variable to a core regulatory variable, and in revealing the nonlinear and network-based nature of pH-mediated effects on BOF performance. Accordingly, we propose a pH-based zonal precision application strategy with pH as the “primary indicator”, providing a systematic theoretical framework and technical directions for addressing the knowledge gap in site-specific BOF application and for the green prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles.

关键词

土壤 pH 值 / 生物有机肥 / 连作障碍 / 微生物群落 / 土壤改良

Key words

soil pH value / bio-organic fertilizers / re-planting problem / microbial community / soil improvement

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基金资助

湖北省技术创新计划项目(2025BBA003)