生物农药在农业生产中的应用及前景展望

Application and prospects of biopesticides in agricultural production

摘要

生物农药因其具有环境友好、靶向性强、残留低等优势，正成为全球农药绿色转型的重要方向。本文不仅系统梳理了生物农药的分类及其研究现状，还重点介绍了 RNAi 生物农药、纳米生物农药、多肽类生物农药和真菌病毒防治等前沿技术研究。尽管生物农药在技术稳定性、生产成本、市场推广以及产业协同等方面仍面临挑战，但随着 RNAi、纳米技术、合成生物学、人工智能等多技术深度融合以及政策支持与产业生态的逐步完善，生物农药将在保障粮食安全、保护生态环境和推动农业可持续发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。

Abstract

Due to the environmental friendliness, targeted efficacy, and low residue levels, biopesticides are emerging as a crucial direction for the global green transformation of pesticides. This paper systematically reviews the classification of biopesticides and their current research status, with particular emphasis on cutting-edge research on RNAi-based biopesticides, nano-biopesticides, peptide-based biopesticides, and mycovirus-based biocontrol. Despite the challenges that biopesticides face regarding technical stability, production costs, market promotion, and industrial synergy, the deep integration of various technologies such as RNA interference, nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence, along with the gradual enhancement of policy support and industrial ecology, indicates that biopesticides will play an increasingly vital role in ensuring food security, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

关键词

生物农药 / RNAi 农药 / 纳米生物农药 / 多肽类农药 / 真菌病毒

Key words

Keywords:biopesticide / RNA interference / nanobiopesticides / peptide biopesticides / mycoviruses

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基金资助

教育部基础学科和交叉学科突破计划项目(JYB2025XDXML703)