植物来源胞外囊泡在生物医学领域中的应用进展

Progress of plant extracellular vesicles in the biomedical applications

摘要

植物来源胞外囊泡(plante xtracellularvesicles，PEV)是植物细胞经多囊泡体途径、质膜出芽及其他分泌相关途径形成，并释放至胞外微环境中的纳米级脂质双层膜结构。作为一种天然纳米载体，PEV具有独特的形态学特征和复杂的生物活性组分，富含脂质、蛋白质、RNA及多种植物来源药理活性分子。凭借其良好的生物相容性、天然活性成分负载能力及潜在的跨界调控作用，PEV在新一代生物治疗和药物递送纳米平台开发中展现出广阔的应用前景。本文围绕PEV的研究进展，系统综述其来源和形成机制、分离纯化与表征方法、组分特征，并进一步总结其在生物医学领域中的应用，尤其是在精准药物递送系统中的设计与应用策略。同时，对当前PEV研究中存在的分离标准不统一、特异性标志物缺乏及质量控制困难等关键问题进行了讨论，并展望了其未来发展方向和应用前景。

Abstract

Plant extracellular vesicles (PEV) were nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles formed by plant cells into the extracellular microenvironment via multivesicular body pathways, plasma membrane budding, and other secretion-related routes. As natural nanocarriers, PEV exhibited distinctive morphological features and contained complex bioactive components, including lipids, proteins, RNAs, and various plant-derived pharmacologically active molecules. Owing to their favorable biocompatibility, capacity to carry natural bioactive compounds, and potential for cross-kingdom regulation, PEV showed broad application prospects in the development of next-generation biotherapeutics and drug delivery nanoplatforms. This review systematically summarized advances in PEV research, including their sources and biogenesis, methods for isolation, purification and characterization, and compositional features. It further highlights their biomedical applications, particularly design strategies and applications in precision drug delivery systems. Key challenges in current PEV research, including the lack of standardized isolation protocols, limited specific markers, and difficulties in quality control, were discussed, and perspectives on future research and translational applications were provided.

关键词

植物来源胞外囊泡 / 生物发生机制 / 分离纯化 / 药物递送 / 生物医学领域应用 / 质量控制

Key words

plant extracellular vesicles / biogenesis / isolation and purification / drug delivery / biomedical applications / quality control

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800400)