不同遮阴处理对鱼腥草生长、生理特性及类黄酮成分积累的影响

Effect of Different Shading Treatment on Growth, Physiological Characteristics and Flavonoid Accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

摘要

鱼腥草属于阴生药用植物，光是影响其生长及品质的关键因素之一，本文研究遮阴对鱼腥草生长、生理特性及品质的影响，为鱼腥草生态种植提供依据。本研究设置对照组（0% 遮阴率）和4 个处理组（20% 遮阴率、40% 遮阴率、60%遮阴率、80%遮阴率）开展栽培试验，分析比较不同遮阴处理下鱼腥草地上部分的生长指标（叶长、叶宽、株高、生物量等）、生理生化指标（过氧化物酶、丙二醛）以及品质相关指标（总黄酮、总花青素）等差异。研究表明，在生长指标方面，鱼腥草性状质量随遮阴率增加而提高，依次是80%遮荫率>60%遮荫率>40%遮荫率>20%遮荫率>全光照；生理生化方面，鱼腥草POD酶活性随着光照强度增加而降低，MDA含量上升；其次，总黄酮含量在20%遮阴率时达到最大，总花青素含量随光照强度增大逐渐下降。综上，适度遮阴有利于鱼腥草生长旺盛及体内类黄酮类次生代谢产物的积累，建议在鱼腥草种植期内采用与玉米、薏苡仁等高杆作物间作或林下套种的生态种植模式，以提高其品质与经济效益。

Abstract

Houttuynia cordata Thunb.(HC) is a shade-tolerant medicinal plant, and light is one of the key factors affecting its growth and quality. This study investigates the effects of shading on the growth, physiological characteristics and quality of HC, providing a basis for its ecological cultivation. This study conducts a cultivation experiment with a control group (0% shading rate) and four treatment groups (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% shading rate) , and analyzes and compares the differences in growth indicators (leaf length, leaf width, plant height, biomass, etc.), physiological and biochemical indicators (peroxidase, malondialdehyde), and quality-related indicators (total flavonoids, total anthocyanins) of the aboveground parts of HC under different shading treatments. The results show that in terms of growth indicators, the trait quality of HC improves with increasing shading rates, in the order of 80% shading rate > 60% shading rate > 40% shading rate > 20% shading rate > full sunlight expose; In terms of physiological and biochemical indicators, the POD activity of HC decreases with increasing light intensity, while the MDA content rises; Additionally, the total flavonoid content reaches its maximum at 20% shading rate, whereas the total anthocyanin content gradually decreases with increasing light intensity. In conclusion, moderate shading is beneficial for the vigorous growth of HC and the accumulation of flavonoid secondary metabolites in HC. It is recommended to adopt an ecological planting mode, such as intercropping with tall crops like Zea mays (corn) and Coix lacryma-jobi (Job’s tears) or understory interplanting, to enhance both the quality and economic value of HC.

关键词

鱼腥草 / 遮阴 / 生长特性 / 生理生化指标 / 总黄酮

Key words

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. / Shading / Growth characteristics / Physiological and biochemical indicators / Total flavonoids

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基金资助

中国博士后科学基金资助(2019M663357)