百合茎腐病菌生物学特性及药剂筛选

Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Screening of Lily Stem Rot Pathogen

摘要

确定兰州地区百合鳞茎茎腐病致病菌种类可为防治兰州地区百合鳞茎茎腐病提供有力的数据支撑。本试验采用室内创伤鳞片回接法检验病原菌致病性，通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定明确其分类地位，采用菌丝生长速率法探究其生物学特性，利用菌丝生长抑制率法测定11种杀菌剂对该病菌的室内毒力。结果表明：兰州地区百合鳞茎茎腐病的致病菌为层出镰孢菌（ Fusarium proliferatum）。该菌的菌丝最适生长培养基为马铃薯琼脂培养基（PA）；pH为9；温度为25 ℃~30 ℃，致死温度为60 ℃；光照24 h最佳；最佳碳源和氮源分别为4%甘露醇和0.5%甘氨酸。杀菌剂室内毒力结果显示30%丙硫菌唑OD和98%咯菌腈TC对百合鳞茎茎腐病的病原菌的抑制效果最强，EC ₅₀分别是0.015 0 mg·L ⁻¹和0.079 7 mg·L ⁻¹。综上所述，供试的11种药剂中有10种药剂对层出镰孢菌（ F. proliferatum）有一定的抑制作用，其中30%丙硫菌唑OD和98%咯菌腈TC作用较强。

Abstract

Determining the pathogenic species causing lily bulb stem rot in the Lanzhou region can provide robust data support for the prevention and control of the disease. This experiment tests the pathogenicity of pathogen using the indoor puncture scale reattachment method, and clarifies the classification of the pathogen through morphological and molecular biology identification. Meanwhile, it explores the biological characteristics of the pathogen using the mycelial growth rate method, and determines the indoor toxicity of 11 fungicides against the pathogen through the mycelial growth inhibition rate method. The results show that the pathogen of lily bulb rot in the Lanzhou area is Fusarium proliferatum. The optimal growth medium for its mycelium is PA; the optimal pH is 9; the temperature ranges from 25 ℃ to 30 ℃, with a lethal temperature of 60 ℃; continuous light for 24 hours is optimal; and the best carbon and nitrogen sources are 4% mannitol and 0.5% glycine, respectively. The indoor toxicity results of fungicides show that 30% propiconazole OD and 98% fludioxonil TC exhibit the strongest inhibitory effect on the pathogen of Lily bulb rot, with EC ₅₀ values of 0.015 0 mg·L ⁻¹ and 0.079 7 mg·L ⁻¹, respectively. In summary, among the 11 tested medicaments, 10 show a certain inhibitory effect on Fusarium proliferatum, among which 30% propiconazole OD and 98% fungicide TC have stronger effects.

关键词

兰州百合茎腐病 / 病原菌鉴定 / 层出镰刀菌 / 生物学特性 / 室内毒力测定

Key words

Lanzhou lily stem rot Disease / pathogen identification / Fusarium proliferatum / biological characteristics / indoor toxicity measurement

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基金资助

天津市农业产学研用“揭榜挂帅”项目(GBGG202312)

甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX8NE193)