硝化抑制剂双氰胺对葛仙米的生物毒性

Bio-toxicity of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on Nostoc sphaeroides

摘要

为了准确地评估硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)对固氮蓝藻的生物毒性,为农田合理应用硝化抑制剂和固氮蓝藻提供理论依据,选取稻田可食用固氮蓝藻-拟球状念珠藻(Nostoc Sphaeroides,俗名葛仙米),从生长、光合系统、固氮活性和氧化-抗氧化系统等方面,研究了田面水培养条件下DCD对葛仙米的生物毒性.结果表明,田面水中DCD质量浓度为240 mg·L^-1时,显著抑制葛仙米的生长.DCD胁迫能降低葛仙米藻蓝蛋白(PC)含量,损伤光合系统Ⅱ,诱导细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量升高.葛仙米胞内抗氧化防御系统可以消除低质量浓度DCD引起的氧化胁迫,当DCD质量浓度达到300 mg·L^-1时,藻细胞受到氧化性损伤.低质量浓度的DCD可增强葛仙米的固氮活性,但是当其质量浓度⩾240 mg·L^-1时,显著抑制该藻的固氮活性.研究结果表明,培育葛仙米的稻田,田面水中DCD质量浓度建议不超过120 mg·L^-1.

Abstract

In order to accurately evaluate bio-toxicity of nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on diazotrophic cyanobacteria and provide useful information on reasonable application of DCD and diazotrophic cyanobacteria in agricultural fields, this study investigated the effects of DCD on growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen-fixing activity, and the oxidative-antioxidative characteristics of an edible diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc Sphaeroides in paddy flooded water. The results showed that, DCD, at a concentration of 240 mg·L ^-1, significantly inhibited the growth of N. Sphaeroides. And also, DCD decreased the content of phycocyanin (PC), severely damaged the PS Ⅱ, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells of N. Sphaeroides. The intracellular antioxidant defense system could eliminate oxidative stress induced by low level of DCD. However, high level of DCD (300 mg·L ^-1) resulted in oxidative damage on cells of N. Sphaeroides. The dinitrogen-fixing activity of N. Sphaeroides was promoted by low level of DCD, but it was significantly inhibited by DCD at a concentration of ⩾240 mg·L ^-1. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the DCD concentration in paddy flooded water where N. Sphaeroides is cultivated should not exceed 120 mg·L ^-1.

关键词

生长率 / 光合系统 / 氧化抗氧化系统 / 固氮酶活性

Key words

growth rate / photosynthetic system / oxidative-antioxidant system / dinitrogen-fixing enzyme activity

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32071647)