豫西不同地质条件下有色冶炼企业土壤污染差异性研究

Study on the difference of soil pollution in non-ferrous smelting enterprises under different geological conditions in western Henan

摘要

对豫西矿区相似有色冶炼企业同步开展土壤污染调查及风险评价,分析重金属因子、地质、毒理及人体健康等不同方向的风险差异,从地貌、高差及土体性状等地质因素角度归纳重金属对土壤的污染规律.选取10种重金属,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及人体健康风险模型,分析不同地质条件下的土壤污染情况.结果显示,对于典型氧化锌类似企业,粉砂土质地块单因子污染强度为P_Cd>P_Zn>P_Pb>P_Cu>P_Hg>P_Sb>P_As>P_Co>P_Ni>P_V,黏土质地块为P_Zn>P_Cu>P_Cd>P_Pb>P_Sb>P_As>P_Ni>P_Co>P_Hg>P_V;粉砂土质地块重金属综合污染水平为黏土质地块的2.85~9.40倍,重金属地累积污染水平的1.58~1.99倍,生产车间处地累积污染对地质条件最为敏感;粉砂土质中Cd、Pb、Hg危害程度常明显高于黏土质地块;对人体健康危害较大的重金属为As、Pb、Co,Pb对地质条件较敏感.研究表明,地貌单元平缓、地块高差小、粉质砂质等孔隙比较大的土体地质条件下,整体土壤环境呈现出污染相对更强、风险更高的特征.

Abstract

The soil pollution investigation and risk assessment of similar non-ferrous smelting enterprises in western Henan mining area were carried out simultaneously. The risk differences of heavy metal factors, geology, toxicology and human health in different directions were analyzed. The soil pollution law was summarized from the perspective of geological factors such as landform, elevation difference and soil properties. In the process, 10 heavy metals were selected, and the single factor index method, Nemerow comprehensive index method, geo-accumulation index method, potential ecological hazard index method and human health risk model were used to summarize the soil pollution law under different geological conditions. The results show that the single factor pollution intensity of the typical zinc oxide enterprises is P _Cd>P _Zn>P _Pb>P _Cu>P _Hg>P _Sb>P _As>P _Co>P _Ni>P _V, and the clay texture is P _Zn>P _Cu>P _Cd>P _Pb>P _Sb>P _As>P _Ni>P _Co>P _Hg>P _V; the comprehensive pollution level of heavy metals in silty and sandy soil was 2.85-9.40 times that of clay soil, and the accumulation pollution of heavy metals was 1.58-1.99 times. The accumulation pollution of production workshop was the most sensitive to geological conditions. The damage degree of Cd, Pb and Hg in silty and sandy soil is often significantly higher than that in clay soil. The heavy metals that are more harmful to human health are As, Pb and Co, and Pb is more sensitive to geological conditions. The research shows that the overall soil environment is characterized by relatively stronger pollution and higher risk under the geological conditions such as gentle geomorphic units, small elevation difference, and large pores like silty sand.

关键词

有色金属冶炼 / 氧化锌 / 土壤 / 重金属污染 / 地质条件

Key words

non-ferrous metal smelting / zinc oxide / soil / heavy metal pollution / geological conditions

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1908804)