湟水干流浮游植物群落结构特征及生态健康评价

Characterization of phytoplankton community structure and ecological health assessment of the mainstream of the Huangshui River

摘要

基于2024年3月(枯水期)、5月(平水期)、8月(丰水期)采集的湟水干流浮游植物定性定量样品,分析了浮游植物群落的结构特征,并进行功能群划分,结果表明:1)湟水干流共鉴定出浮游植物8门128种,硅藻门占比最大,其次为绿藻门和蓝藻门.浮游植物丰富度和生物量均呈现出枯水期最大,平水期次之,丰水期最小的趋势. 2)湟水干流浮游植物共划分19个功能群,优势功能群共7个,分别为 C、D、LM、MP、TD、W1、和 Y.浮游植物 H 指数、J 指数D 指数和Q_r 指数均值分别为3. 58、0. 71,3. 60和4. 03,表明除东大滩水库出口以外,湟水干流水质整体处于寡污、轻污水平,为“优秀”的生态健康状态. 3)DO、WT、NH₃-N、TN 为影响湟水干流浮游植物结构和优势功能群组成的最主要环境因子.

Abstract

Based on the qualitative and quantitative samples of phytoplankton collected from the mainstream of the Huangshui River in March 2024 (low water period), May (normal water period), and August (high water period), the structural characteristics of the phytoplankton community were analysed and functional groups were classified. The following results were noted: 1) Totally 128 species of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla were identified in the mainstream of the Huangshui River. Diatoms accounted for the largest proportion, followed by green algae and cyanobacteria. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton showed a trend of maximum during low water period, followed by medium level during the normal water period, and minimum during high water period. 2) There were 19 functional groups of phytoplankton in the mainstream of the Huangshui, with 7 dominant functional groups, respectively C, D, LM, MP, TD, W1. The mean values of the H index, J index, D index, and Q _r index for phytoplankton were 3.58, 0.71, 3.60, and 4.03, respectively, indicating that with the exception of the outlet of the Dongdatan Reservoir, the water quality of the mainstream of the Huangshui River was generally low to moderately polluted, representing an "excellent" state of ecological health. 3) DO, WT, NH ₃-N and TN were the primary environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton structure and dominant functional group composition in the mainstem of the Huangshui River.

关键词

湟水干流 / 浮游植物 / 功能群 / 生态健康评价

Key words

the mainstream of the Huangshui River / phytoplankton / functional groups / ecolgical health assessment

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基金资助

国家重点研发项目(2022YFC3201703-02)