面向灾害应急响应的地质灾害链知识图谱构建方法
A Knowledge Graph Construction Method for Geohazard Chain for Disaster Emergency Response
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知识图谱是形式化描述实体及其相互关系的知识系统,其在应急救灾、时空预测决策等方面发挥着重要的作用.灾害应急领域面临数据骤增而应急关键知识匮乏问题,由此从灾害链角度分析地质灾害发展过程中关联的诸多要素,提出了一种自顶向下和自底向上结合的地质灾害链知识图谱构建方法.首先,基于灾害链角度对地质灾害间复杂形成机理及成链规律进行分析,在已有地质灾害知识基础上,基于自顶向下方法建立了统一的用于信息抽取的地质灾害链本体语义表达框架,包括描述地质灾害知识体系的地质灾害事件本体、承载地质灾害发生的地质环境本体、受地质灾害作用下的地理对象本体及地质灾害在灾前、灾中和灾后时空过程中对应的应急处置方法本体;其次,结合自底向上方法构建数据层,通过知识融合、知识存储对概念、实例与属性等要素及其关联关系进行识别;最后以汶川地震为例并对知识图谱进行可视化表达.结果表明,本方法能有效地对四类要素及其关系进行识别,实现了数据‒信息‒知识的转换,为地质灾害领域的知识图谱构建提供技术参考.
地质灾害链 / 知识图谱 / 领域本体 / 自然语言处理 / 应急响应 / 灾害地质
geohazard chain / knowledge graph / domain ontology / natural language processing / emergency response / hazard geology
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国家自然科学基金原创性探索项目(42050101)
国家自然科学基金项目(41871311)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702991)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB640)
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