基于三维激光扫描技术的裂缝随机模拟:以库车坳陷库车河剖面为例
唐永 , 肖安成 , 唐文军 , 王珂 , 曾凡成
地球科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (02) : 640 -656.
基于三维激光扫描技术的裂缝随机模拟:以库车坳陷库车河剖面为例
Stochastic Fracture Simulation Based on Three-Dimensional Laser Scan Technology: a Case Study of Kuqa River Outcrop in Kuqa Depression
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库车坳陷是塔里木盆地重要的天然气勘探开发目标区,其大北-克深地区含气层系下白垩统埋深超过7 500 m,岩性致密孔隙度平均为4.8%,但仍然获得高产工业气流,岩层内所发育的裂缝成为天然气高产的核心要素. 因此利用合理技术对裂缝数据进行有效表达是明确深层致密砂岩裂缝发育特征及空间分布规律的关键,是有效开发裂缝型气藏前提. 利用三维激光扫描能够获得大数据的优势,运用点数据拼接、去噪、切割处理方法,直接识别点云数据中的有效裂缝信息,并结合野外剖面实测获得的裂缝数据对所识别的裂缝信息进行修正处理,建立目标区域裂缝信息地质知识库. 确定目标区域裂缝发育的空间范围,裂缝密度发育规律,裂缝方位分布状态,为后期随机模拟确定约束条件. 在三维激光扫描点云处理数据的约束下,应用随机模拟技术的fisher函数能够较好的表现裂缝发育区域单条裂缝之间方位偏转现象,体现自然裂缝的随机发育特征. 利用裂缝开度信息,应用Oda计算方法对对每条裂缝的渗流能力进行了计算分析,定量确定裂缝发育区对围岩流体渗流影响的大小.库车坳陷库车河剖面计算结果显示:右侧裂缝簇导致的渗流带宽度可达3.1 m,延伸长度平均为2.6 m;中间区域所展现裂缝簇渗流带宽度1.2 m,延伸长度平均为1.4 m;左侧裂缝簇渗流带宽度约0.9 m,延伸长度仅仅为0.33 m左右,这与野外数据吻合. 与人工对比显示:数据处理面积是人工测量的25倍,所消费的时间仅仅是人工处理的1/10,大大提高了工作效率.由此可见裂缝簇内裂缝密集程度越高,对流体渗流影响就越大,流体在裂缝簇渗流扩展的宽度,影响的范围就越广,较好的表达了库车深层裂缝致密气藏的特征. 说明基于激光扫描技术的裂缝随机模拟技术能够真实的表达裂缝三维空间展布状态,以及对流体渗流的贡献.
裂缝 / 三维激光扫描 / 随机模拟 / 库车坳陷 / 定量 / 石油地质
fractures / three-dimensional laser scanning / stochastic modeling / Kuqa Depression / quantitative analysis / petroleum goelogy
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国家十三五重大专项(2017ZX05008-001;2017ZX05008-005)
湖北省教育厅科学研究计划项目(T201905)
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