一个由干湿交替极端气候事件主导的内陆湖盆:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组露头剖面的沉积学证据
李相博 , 刘化清 , 杨伟伟 , 张艳 , Zavala Carlos , 吉利民 , 杨占龙 , 郝彬 , 黄军平 , 王菁
地球科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (01) : 293 -316.
一个由干湿交替极端气候事件主导的内陆湖盆:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组露头剖面的沉积学证据
A Lacustrine Basin Driven by Extreme Events of Alternate Dry-Wet Climatic Cycles:Evidence from Outcrops of Yanchang Formation in Upper Triassic, Ordos Basin
,
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国陆上最主要的油气盆地之一,三叠系延长组是该盆地的主要含油层位.通过对延长组典型露头的考察与研究,结合古生物及岩性岩相资料,取得了3点新认识:(1)恢复了延长组沉积时期的古气候环境,认为其具有三分性,其中早期拉丁期为干旱环境;中期受卡尼期梅雨事件(CPE)影响气候发生突变,转变为温暖潮湿气候环境;晚期诺利‒瑞替期再次转变为半干旱‒半湿润气候环境. (2)CPE事件改变了延长组沉积物搬运与沉积方式,其中CPE事件之前与事件之后的干旱环境时期,主要发育暴雨洪水引发的季节性河流、决口扇、决口河道沉积;CPE事件当中及卡尼中期,陆源碎屑物质主要通过异重流、浊流及砂质碎屑流等多种途径搬运至水下环境,形成富砂质重力流事件沉积,同时受CPE事件控制,在深水环境还发育了黑色富有机质页岩事件沉积.(3)建立了延长组干旱与潮湿两种环境沉积模式,干旱环境湖泊水域面积较小,主要沉积单元为洪泛平原、季节性河道及决口扇,主要沉积方式为填平补齐、加积式沉积,不发育前积沉积现象;潮湿环境湖泊水域面积较大,发育完整的陆相河流‒三角洲‒湖泊‒重力流沉积体系,由于具有稳定的长流水,河道相对固定,加之受湖平面变化控制,其沉积方式以前积作用为主.该认识不仅对于深入探讨鄂尔多斯延长组大型坳陷湖盆形成演化机理、沉积层序充填演化及指导油气勘探实践有积极意义,而且对揭示晚三叠世全球极端气候事件在内陆湖盆的沉积学记录有积极意义,可以填补CPE事件在古特提斯东缘泛大陆内部沉积响应研究的空白.
干湿气候交替 / 洪水事件 / 梅雨事件 / 沉积模式 / 延长组 / 晚三叠世 / 鄂尔多斯盆地 / 石油地质学
alternate dry-wet climatic cycle / flooding event / Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) / sedimentary model / Yanchang Formation / Late Triassic / Ordos Basin / petroleum geology
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国家自然科学基金项目(41772099)
中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性技术攻关项目(2021DJ0401)
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