走滑断裂“分期-异向”变形过程砂箱物理模拟：以塔里木盆地顺北5号断层北段为例

付晓飞; 冯军; 王海学; 邓尚; 马庆佑; 兰明杰; 易泽军

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.475

地球科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (06) : 2104 -2116. DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.475

走滑断裂“分期-异向”变形过程砂箱物理模拟：以塔里木盆地顺北5号断层北段为例

付晓飞 ¹ ,
冯军 ¹ ,
王海学 ¹ ,
邓尚 ²^,³ ,
马庆佑 ³ ,
兰明杰 ³ ,
易泽军 ¹

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Sandbox Physical Simulation on “Different Period-Different Direction” Deformation Process of Strike-Slip Faults：A Case Study of Northern Segment of Shunbei No. 5 Fault in Tarim Basin

Xiaofei Fu ¹ ,
Jun Feng ¹ ,
Haixue Wang ¹ ,
Shang Deng ²^,³ ,
Qingyou Ma ³ ,
Mingjie Lan ³ ,
Zejun Yi ¹

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摘要

塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断裂是顺北及邻区一条克拉通内小尺度走滑断裂带，整体分为3段：北段、中段和南段.选取顺北5号断层北段为研究对象，结合断层几何学和运动学解析，应用构造物理模拟实验，明确了走滑断层的变形特征与形成机制.结果表明：顺北5号断层北段主体表现为多段式特征，发育平直型、压隆型和拉分型3种类型构造样式.北段主要活动时期为加里东中期III幕与加里东晚期，表现为两期异向叠加变形作用，早期（T₇ ⁴界面）表现为多种组合样式分段生长特征，晚期（T₇ ⁰界面）表现为雁列式正断层分布特征.基于顺北5号断层北段砂箱物理模拟证实，早期走滑作用控制断层分段变形特征，晚期张扭作用控制着雁列式断层的分布规律.因此，“分期-异向”叠加变形控制了顺北5号断层北段走滑断层的变形过程和形成机制.

Abstract

Shunbei No. 5 strike-slip fault is a small-scale strike-slip fault zone in Shunbei and its surroundings of Tarim basin, which can be divided into three section: north, middle and south. In this paper, the northern segment of Shunbei No. 5 fault is selected as the research object, and the deformation characteristics and formation mechanism of the strike-slip fault are clarified by using the structural physical simulation experiment. The results show that the main features of the northern segment of Shunbei No. 5 fault are multi-segment, and three types of structural styles are developed, i.e., translational strike-slip type, compression-uplift type and pull-apart type. The main active period of the north segment is the Middle Caledonian stage III and the Late Caledonian stage, which is characterized by two stages of metasomatic superimposed deformation, and the early stage (T₇ ⁴ interface) is characterized by the segment growth of various combinations, the late stage (T₇ ⁰ interface) shows the distribution characteristics of echelon normal faults. Based on the sandbox physical simulation of the north segment of Shunbei No. 5 fault, it is confirmed that the early strike-slip action controls the deformation characteristics of the fault segments, and the late transtensional action controls the distribution law of the echelon-type fault. Therefore, the “different period-different direction” superimposed deformation controls the deformation process and formation mechanism of strike-slip fault in the northern segment of Shunbei No. 5 fault.